Evidence map›Paper›PMID 12773724›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2003

Social exchange of cigarettes by youth.

J Forster, V Chen, T Blaine, C Perry, T Toomey

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Adoption of Tobacco 21: A Cross-Case Analysis of Ten US States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Youth source of acquisition for E-Cigarettes.Preventive medicine reports · 2019
    Article
  5. Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Social Environments and Ever Use of Each Product: A Prospective Study of Young Adults in Southern California.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Pre-adolescent Receptivity to Tobacco Marketing and Its Relationship to Acquiring Friends Who Smoke and Cigarette Smoking Initiation.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2017
    Article
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Do Sources of Cigarettes Among Adolescents Vary by Age Over Time?Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse · 2014
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Tobacco smoking among students in an urban area in Northern Italy.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2013
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

J ForsterDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. forster@epi.umn.edu
V Chen
T Blaine
C Perry
T Toomey

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study seeks to determine the magnitude, nature, and correlates of social exchange of cigarettes among youth who smoke.

designCross sectional survey.

settingSchools in 29 Minnesota communities.

participantsAll students in grades 8, 9, and 10 (ages 13-16 years) in each participating school. The parent/child response rate for the survey was 90%. Analyses included 4124 respondents who smoked at least one cigarette in the month before the survey. OUTCOME MEASURES: Social exchange scale, consisting of 16 items assessing aspects of social provision and acquisition of cigarettes.

resultsAlmost 90% of youth in this study had obtained a cigarette from, and about 75% of them had provided cigarettes to, another teen in the prior month. Daily smokers provided to more teens and provided more often than those who smoked less than daily. Daily smokers also reported having more social sources, both teens and adults, than lighter smokers, and were more likely to have both bought from and sold cigarettes to other teens (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons between daily and less than daily smokers). In a multivariate analysis, social exchange was associated with grade, whether siblings and friends smoke, level of smoking, age of smoking initiation, parental influences and community norms about teen smoking, and buying cigarettes.

conclusionsSocial provision and acquisition of cigarettes among teens are widespread, reciprocal behaviours. Parental and community expectations about smoking influence social exchange, possibly by providing opportunities or barriers for social smoking. Commercial and social availability are not mutually exclusive; rather social exchange extends the reach of commercial sources.

Indexed as

Interpersonal RelationsSocial BehaviorAdolescentCommerceCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMinnesotaMultivariate AnalysisSmoking

Identifiers

PMID12773724
PMCPMC1747718

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.