ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2003
The ABCs of granule-mediated cytotoxicity: new weapons in the arsenal.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 230 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
230 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 766 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Whole Blood Transcriptome Datasets Characterizes the Immune Response of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Unveiling the Link Between Inflammation and Adaptive Immunity in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Pooled it
- In Situ Cellular Response Underlying Successful Treatment of Mucosal Leishmaniasis with a Combination of Pentavalent Antimonial and Pentoxifylline.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Trial
- Fast and slow gene expression changes in blood following acute social stress.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Mucosal immunity: mechanism and application in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Rewiring of the Apoptotic Rheostat in HTLV-1 Infection and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.Cancers · 2026Review
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with altered immune composition and cytotoxic function in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- The proteomics and phosphoproteomics landscape of melanoma under T cell attack.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Mucosal T cell activation pathways are upregulated by equine herpesvirus type 1 infection.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Target-Centric Multiplexed Screening of an Herbal Extract Identifies a Novel Dual AACS central science · 2026Article
- Antibody-Targeted Artificial T Cell and Natural Killer Cell Derived Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Is the Association of Granzyme B and the Exported Parasite Hsp70 a Possible Trojan Horse of Severe Malaria?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from irradiated tumor cells foster immunosuppressive macrophages formation to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma immune evasion.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- A new immunological paradigm for diseases: the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A role for Fas/FasL-dependent NK-mediated cytotoxicity in infants with perinatal HIV.iScience · 2025Article
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition is Associated with Altered Immune Composition and Cytotoxic Function in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill, Memorize, and Mask to Maintain Immune Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The important role of Perforin in protecting against Mycobacterium avium infection in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Expression and localization of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1- and perforin-based hybrid molecules in the murine cytotoxic T cell line CTLL-2.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
- CD8 T cell dynamics and immune cell trafficking in ZIKV infection: implications for neuroinflammation and therapy.Virology journal · 2025Review
170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granule exocytosis is the main pathway for the immune elimination of virus-infected cells and tumour cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. After target-cell recognition, release of the cytotoxic granule contents into the immunological synapse formed between the killer cell and its target induces apoptosis. The granules contain two membrane-perturbing proteins, perforin and granulysin, and a family of serine proteases known as granzymes, complexed with the proteoglycan serglycin. In this review, I discuss recent insights into the mechanisms of granule-mediated cytotoxicity, focusing on how granzymes A, B and C and granulysin activate cell death through caspase-independent pathways.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.