ArticleDiabetologia2003
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) dose-dependently stimulates glucagon secretion in healthy human subjects at euglycaemia.
Article in Diabetologia, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00716170 (The Role of GIP, GLP-1 and GLP-2 in Type 2 Diabetic Hyperglucagonemia), which is not on this map. Cited by 114 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Role of GIP, GLP-1 and GLP-2 in Type 2 Diabetic Hyperglucagonemia
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 312 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simultaneous consumption of vegetable salad with bread attenuates postprandial serum glucose elevation in healthy adults: a single-ingestion open-label crossover trial.BMC research notes · 2026Trial
- Counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia during a hypoglycemic clamp in people with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Tirzepatide Improved Markers of Islet Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With T2D (SURPASS-2).The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- Effects of GLP-1 and GIP on Islet Function in Glucose-Intolerant, Pancreatic-Insufficient Cystic Fibrosis.Diabetes · 2022Trial
- Effect of Sitagliptin on Islet Function in Pancreatic Insufficient Cystic Fibrosis With Abnormal Glucose Tolerance.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.Molecular metabolism · 2018 · on this mapTrial
- Effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide on gastric emptying, glycaemia and insulinaemia during critical illness: a prospective, double blind, randomised, crossover study.Critical care (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Calcium co-ingestion augments postprandial glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide(1-42), glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin concentrations in humans.European journal of nutrition · 2014Trial
- The effect of exogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in combination with glucagon-like peptide-1 on glycemia in the critically ill.Diabetes care · 2013Trial
- Efficacy of vildagliptin in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment.Vascular health and risk management · 2013Trial
- Xenin-25 amplifies GIP-mediated insulin secretion in humans with normal and impaired glucose tolerance but not type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2012Trial
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide: a bifunctional glucose-dependent regulator of glucagon and insulin secretion in humans.Diabetes · 2011Trial
- Rapid tachyphylaxis of the glucagon-like peptide 1-induced deceleration of gastric emptying in humans.Diabetes · 2011Trial
- GIP does not potentiate the antidiabetic effects of GLP-1 in hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2011Trial
- Exogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide worsens post prandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2009Trial
- The role of GIP in carbohydrate metabolism: Implications in the development of therapies for T2DM, a narrative review.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Tirzepatide: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of incretin co-agonists: Transformative advances in cardiometabolic healthcare.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Endocrine and Metabolic Mechanisms Linking Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Targeted Therapy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dual and Triple Gut Peptide Agonists on the Horizon for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Data.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisIn the isolated perfused pancreas, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) has been shown to enhance glucagon secretion at basal glucose concentrations, but in healthy humans no glucagonotropic effect of GIP has yet been reported. Therefore, we studied the effect of GIP on glucagon secretion under normoglycaemic conditions.
methodsTen healthy subjects (9 men, 1 woman; age 33+/-11; BMI 26.8+/-2.2 kg/m(2)) received three different doses of intravenous GIP (7, 20, and 60 pmol/kg body weight) and placebo. Venous blood samples were drawn over 30 min for glucagon and GIP concentrations (specific radioimmunoassays). In addition, 31 healthy subjects (16 men, 15 women; 42+/-11 years; BMI 24.4+/-2.7 kg/m(2)) were studied with 20 pmol GIP/kg. Statistics were done with RM-ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc tests.
resultsGastric inhibitory polypeptide dose-dependently stimulated glucagon secretion ( p=0.019) with a maximal increment after 10 min. Incremental glucagon concentrations (Delta(10-0 min)) were 0.1+/-0.7, 1.4+/-0.5, 2.4+/-0.5, and 3.4+/-0.8 pmol/l (for placebo and for 7, 20, and 60 pmol GIP/kg, respectively; p=0.017). After the injection of 20 pmol GIP/kg b.w. in 31 healthy subjects, glucagon concentrations increased over the baseline from 7.5+/-0.5 to 9.3+/-0.7 pmol/l ( p=0.0082). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationGlucagon secretion is dose-dependently stimulated by GIP at basal glucose concentrations. The absence of a glucagonotropic GIP effect in previous studies could be due to the hyperglycaemic conditions used in these experiments. Our results underline differences between GIP and the glucagonostatic incretin GLP-1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.