ArticleInfection and immunity2003
Plasmid stability during in vitro propagation of Borrelia burgdorferi assessed at a clonal level.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- The wild, wild west of plasmids: First insights into comparative genomics of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.PloS one · 2026Article
- Unravelling the genomic landscape of CanadianMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- CRISPR/Cas Tools for the Detection ofGenes · 2025Article
- Heterologous Surface Display Reveals Conserved Complement Inhibition and Functional Diversification of Borrelia burgdorferi Elp Proteins.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- AncientScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Borreliaceae Pangenome Reveals a Distinct Genomic Architecture Conserved Across Phylogenetic Scales.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mouse Models for the Study of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection.Current protocols · 2024Article
- Review
- Utilizing Two Borrelia bavariensis Isolates Naturally Lacking the PFam54 Gene Array To Elucidate the Roles of PFam54-Encoded Proteins.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Deletion of a Genetic Region of lp17 Affects Plasmid Copy Number inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- A selective antibiotic for Lyme disease.Cell · 2021Article
- Article
- Borrelia miyamotoi strain LB-2001 retains plasmids and infectious phenotype throughout continuous culture passages as evaluated by multiplex PCR.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2021Article
- High conservation combined with high plasticity: genomics and evolution of Borrelia bavariensis.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- Phyloproteomic and functional analyses do not support a split in the genus Borrelia (phylum Spirochaetes).BMC evolutionary biology · 2019Article
- Article
- Lost in plasmids: next generation sequencing and the complex genome of the tick-borne pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi.BMC genomics · 2017Article
- Plasmid diversity and phylogenetic consistency in the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi.BMC genomics · 2017Article
- The Borrelia burgdorferi CheY3 response regulator is essential for chemotaxis and completion of its natural infection cycle.Cellular microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease in humans. The genome of the sequenced type strain B31 MI consists of a linear chromosome, 12 linear plasmids, and 9 circular plasmids. Previous studies by other investigators indicated that some of these plasmids are essential for the survival of the spirochetes in vivo but not in vitro. We have studied plasmid stability during in vitro growth at 23 and 35 degrees C, conditions that approximate the temperatures of the tick vector and the mammalian host, respectively. Starting with two clones that have all 21 plasmids, we investigated plasmid maintenance within the population and on a clonal level. After three passages (27 generations), the cultures were no longer homogeneous and some derivative clones had already lost multiple plasmids. Despite this, one of six clones analyzed after 25 passages (225 generations) retained all but one plasmid (cp9) and was able to complete the mouse-tick-mouse infectious cycle. We analyzed protein composition and regulation of gene expression of clones differing in plasmid content after serial passages. All clones tested exhibited temperature-regulated expression of several proteins, including OspC. In addition, analysis of cultures inoculated from frozen stocks suggests that freezing and/or thawing contributes to heterogeneity in the outgrowth population with respect to plasmid content. Our investigations show that in vitro propagation of a clone leads to a heterogeneous population but that virulent clones can persist through extended passage. We therefore conclude that isogenicity of clones must be confirmed irrespective of their in vitro passage history.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.