ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2003
Lymphocyte homing to bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is mediated by L-selectin/PNAd, alpha4beta1 integrin/VCAM-1, and LFA-1 adhesion pathways.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- The gut-lung axis and viral pneumonia: Unrevealing the gut microbiota.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- Autophagy maintains high endothelial venule identity and function during inflammation.Immunity · 2026Article
- Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue: a review of its development and function, including recent findings on the impact of environmental particulate exposure.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Tuberculosis: Persistence, Protection, and Pathology.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2: The Interplay Between Evolution and Host Immunity.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Mediates T Cell Migration into Pancreas-Draining Lymph Nodes for Initiation of the Autoimmune Response in Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Nanotargeted Delivery of Immune Therapeutics in Type 1 Diabetes.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2023Article
- LFA-1/ICAM-1 Adhesion Pathway Mediates the Homeostatic Migration of Lymphocytes from Peripheral Tissues into Lymph Nodes through Lymphatic Vessels.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Intragraft regulatory T cells in the modern era: what can high-dimensional methods tell us about pathways to allograft acceptance?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- IgA-producing B cells in lung homeostasis and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Complementary Role of GlcNAc6ST2 and GlcNAc6ST3 in Synthesis of CL40-Reactive Sialylated and Sulfated Glycans in the Mouse Pleural Mesothelium.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pathophysiological Concepts and Management of Pulmonary Manifestation of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Mucosal Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Paediatric and Adult Patients: A Longitudinal Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- High endothelial venules (HEVs) in immunity, inflammation and cancer.Angiogenesis · 2021Review
- Regulatory B cells in respiratory health and diseases.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Meningeal lymphoid structures are activated under acute and chronic spinal cord pathologies.Life science alliance · 2021Article
- Proteomic Characterization, Biodistribution, and Functional Studies of Immune-Therapeutic Exosomes: Implications for Inflammatory Lung Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Mucosal and Serological Immune Responses to the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Role of L-Selectin in HIV Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) participates in airway immune responses. However, little is known about the lymphocyte-endothelial adhesion cascades that recruit lymphocytes from blood into BALT. We show that high endothelial venules (HEVs) in BALT express substantial levels of VCAM-1, in marked contrast to HEVs in other secondary lymphoid tissues. BALT HEVs also express the L-selectin ligand PNAd. Anti-L-selectin, anti-PNAd, and anti-LFA-1 mAbs almost completely block the homing of B and T lymphocytes into BALT, whereas anti-alpha4 integrin and anti-VCAM-1 mAbs inhibit homing by nearly 40%. alpha4beta7 integrin and MAdCAM-1 are not involved. Importantly, we found that mAbs against alpha4 integrin and VCAM-1 significantly block the migration of total T cells (80% memory phenotype) but not naive T and B cells to BALT. These results suggest that an adhesion cascade, which includes L-selectin/PNAd, alpha4beta1 integrin/VCAM-1, and LFA-1, targets specific lymphocyte subsets to BALT. This high level of involvement of alpha4beta1 integrin/VCAM-1 is unique among secondary lymphoid tissues, and may help unify lymphocyte migration pathways and immune responses in BALT and other bronchopulmonary tissues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.