ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2003
Environmental tobacco smoke and tobacco related mortality in a prospective study of Californians, 1960-98.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review in Environmental Tobacco Smoke Risk of Female Lung Cancer by Research Type.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Epidemiological evidence relating environmental smoke to COPD in lifelong non-smokers: a systematic review.F1000Research · 2018Pooled it
- Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2011Pooled it
- Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Solid Fuel, Secondhand Smoke, and Lung Cancer Mortality: A Prospective Cohort of 323,794 Chinese Never-Smokers.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Lung cancer risk in never-smokers: An overview of environmental and genetic factors.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2021Article
- DNA methylation signature of passive smoke exposure is less pronounced than active smoking: The Understanding Society study.Environmental research · 2020Review
- 'The industry must be inconspicuous': Japan Tobacco's corruption of science and health policy via the Smoking Research Foundation.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- New Policy of the Journal of Epidemiology Regarding the Relationship With the Tobacco Industry.Journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Article
- Affecting Factors of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Korea: Focused on Different Exposure Locations.Journal of Korean medical science · 2016Article
- Critical appraisal training increases understanding and confidence and enhances the use of evidence in diverse categories of learners.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2015Article
- The 50th anniversary of the US surgeon general's report on tobacco: what we've accomplished and where we go from here.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2014Article
- Scientific dissent and public policy. Is targeting dissent a reasonable way to protect sound policy decisions?EMBO reports · 2013Article
- Article
- The cycle of bias in health research: a framework and toolbox for critical appraisal training.Accountability in research · 2013Article
- Smoking bans and the secondhand smoking problem: an economic analysis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2012Article
- Low-dose nonlinear effects of smoking on coronary heart disease risk.Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society · 2012Article
- Local smoke-free policy development in Santa Fe, Argentina.Tobacco control · 2010Article
- Second-hand smoke and chronic bronchitis in Taiwanese women: a health-care based study.BMC public health · 2010Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo measure the relation between environmental tobacco smoke, as estimated by smoking in spouses, and long term mortality from tobacco related disease.
designProspective cohort study covering 39 years.
settingAdult population of California, United States.
participants118 094 adults enrolled in late 1959 in the American Cancer Society cancer prevention study (CPS I), who were followed until 1998. Particular focus is on the 35 561 never smokers who had a spouse in the study with known smoking habits.
main outcome measuresRelative risks and 95% confidence intervals for deaths from coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related to smoking in spouses and active cigarette smoking.
resultsFor participants followed from 1960 until 1998 the age adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) for never smokers married to ever smokers compared with never smokers married to never smokers was 0.94 (0.85 to 1.05) for coronary heart disease, 0.75 (0.42 to 1.35) for lung cancer, and 1.27 (0.78 to 2.08) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among 9619 men, and 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08), 0.99 (0.72 to 1.37), and 1.13 (0.80 to 1.58), respectively, among 25 942 women. No significant associations were found for current or former exposure to environmental tobacco smoke before or after adjusting for seven confounders and before or after excluding participants with pre-existing disease. No significant associations were found during the shorter follow up periods of 1960-5, 1966-72, 1973-85, and 1973-98.
conclusionsThe results do not support a causal relation between environmental tobacco smoke and tobacco related mortality, although they do not rule out a small effect. The association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and coronary heart disease and lung cancer may be considerably weaker than generally believed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.