ReviewBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2003
Changing patterns in the neuropathogenesis of HIV during the HAART era.
Review in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV and COVID-19: two pandemics with significant (but different) central nervous system complications.Free neuropathology · 2024Article
- Behavioral and histological assessment of a novel treatment of neuroHIV in humanized mice.Research square · 2023Article
- Update on Central Nervous System Effects of HIV in Adolescents and Young Adults.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Low levels of peripheral blood activated and senescent T cells characterize people with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ameliorates HIV-associated neurology and neuropathology.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Article
- Encephalitis Due to Co-Infection with Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.The American journal of case reports · 2021Article
- Protease Inhibitors, Saquinavir and Darunavir, Inhibit Oligodendrocyte Maturation: Implications for Lysosomal Stress.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Article
- Beneficial and Adverse Effects of cART Affect Neurocognitive Function in HIV-1 Infection: Balancing Viral Suppression against Neuronal Stress and Injury.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Review
- The Association of Immune Markers with Cognitive Performance in South African HIV-Positive Patients.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Article
- White matter loss and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in HIV: A consequence of the infection, the antiretroviral therapy or both?Brain research · 2019Review
- Personalized Risk Index for Neurocognitive Decline Among People With Well-Controlled HIV Infection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- HIV, Tat and dopamine transmission.Neurobiology of disease · 2017Review
- HIV-associated synaptic degeneration.Molecular brain · 2017Review
- White matter measures are near normal in controlled HIV infection except in those with cognitive impairment and longer HIV duration.Journal of neurovirology · 2017Article
- High Number of Activated CD8+ T Cells Targeting HIV Antigens Are Present in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Acute HIV Infection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND.Brain sciences · 2017Review
- Screening for Neurocognitive Impairment in HIV-Infected Individuals at First Contact after HIV Diagnosis: The Experience of a Large Clinical Center in Northern Italy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Novel p75 neurotrophin receptor ligand stabilizes neuronal calcium, preserves mitochondrial movement and protects against HIV associated neuropathogenesis.Experimental neurology · 2016Article
- Identifying HIV-induced subgraph patterns in brain networks with side information.Brain informatics · 2015Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rapid progress in the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy has changed the observed patterns in HIV encephalitis and AIDS-related CNS opportunistic infections. Early in the AIDS epidemic, autopsy studies pointed to a high prevalence of these conditions. With the advent of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, the prevalence at autopsy of opportunistic infections, such as toxoplasmosis and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, declined while that of HIV encephalitis increased. After the introduction of protease inhibitors, a decline in both HIV encephalitis and CNS opportunistic infections was observed. However, with the increasing resistance of HIV strains to antiretrovirals, there has been a resurgence in the frequency of HIV encephalitis and HIV leukoencephalopathy. HIV leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy is characterized by massive infiltration of HIV infected monocytes/macrophages into the brain and extensive white matter destruction. This condition may be attributable to interactions of anti-retrovirals with cerebrovascular endothelium, astroglial cells and white matter of the brain. These interactions may lead to cerebral ischemia, increased blood-brain barrier permeability and demyelination. Potential mechanisms of such interactions include alterations in host cell signaling that may result in trophic factor dysregulation and mitochondrial injury. We conclude that despite the initial success of combined anti-retroviral therapy, more severe forms of HIV encephalitis appear to be emerging as the epidemic matures. Factors that may contribute to this worsening include the prolonged survival of HIV-infected patients, thereby prolonging the brain's exposure to HIV virions and proteins, the use of increasingly toxic combinations of poorly penetrating drugs in highly antiretroviral-experienced AIDS patients, and selection of more virulent HIV strains with higher replication rates and greater virulence in neural tissues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.