ArticleGenome research2003
Functional divergence of two zebrafish midkine growth factors following fish-specific gene duplication.
Article in Genome research, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple cis-regulatory elements collaborate to control mdka expression in telencephalic neural stem cells of adult zebrafish during constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Zebrafish: unraveling genetic complexity through duplicated genes.Development genes and evolution · 2024Review
- scRNA-seq reveals the diversity of the developing cardiac cell lineage and molecular players in heart rhythm regulation.iScience · 2024Article
- Article
- Midkine-A novel player in cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Midkine-a Regulates the Formation of a Fibrotic Scar During Zebrafish Heart Regeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Midkine: The Who, What, Where, and When of a Promising Neurotrophic Therapy for Perinatal Brain Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Midkine-a functions as a universal regulator of proliferation during epimorphic regeneration in adult zebrafish.PloS one · 2020Article
- Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase interacts with secreted midkine to promote survival of migrating neural crest cells.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2018Article
- The Role of Midkine in Arteriogenesis, Involving Mechanosensing, Endothelial Cell Proliferation, and Vasodilation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Oncogenic KRAS promotes malignant brain tumors in zebrafish.Molecular cancer · 2015Article
- Midkine-a protein localization in the developing and adult retina of the zebrafish and its function during photoreceptor regeneration.PloS one · 2015Article
- Localization of BDNF expression in the developing brain of zebrafish.Journal of anatomy · 2014Article
- Structure and function of midkine as the basis of its pharmacological effects.British journal of pharmacology · 2014Review
- Novel form of X-linked nonsyndromic hearing loss with cochlear malformation caused by a mutation in the type IV collagen gene COL4A6.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2014Article
- The midkine family of growth factors: diverse roles in nervous system formation and maintenance.British journal of pharmacology · 2014Review
- The expression and function of midkine in the vertebrate retina.British journal of pharmacology · 2014Review
- Article
- Zebrafish hoxd4a acts upstream of meis1.1 to direct vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and hematopoiesis.PloS one · 2013Article
- Midkine-A functions upstream of Id2a to regulate cell cycle kinetics in the developing vertebrate retina.Neural development · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In mammals, the unique midkine (mdk) gene encodes a secreted heparin-binding growth factor with neurotrophic activity. Here, we show the presence of two functional mdk genes named mdka and mdkb in zebrafish and rainbow trout. Both midkine proteins are clearly different from the related pleiotrophin, which was also identified in zebrafish and other fishes. Zebrafish mdka and mdkb genes map to linkage groups LG7 and LG25, respectively, both presenting synteny to human chromosome 11, in which the unique human ortholog mdk is located. At least four other genes unique in mammals are also present as duplicates on LG7 and LG25. Phylogenetic and divergence analyses suggested that LG7/LG25 paralogs including mdka and mdkb have been formed at approximately the same time, early during the evolution of the fish lineage. Hence, zebrafish and rainbow trout mdka and mdkb might have been generated by an ancient block duplication, and might be remnants of the proposed fish-specific whole-genome duplication. In contrast to the ubiquitous expression of their mammalian counterpart, zebrafish mdka and mdkb are expressed in spatially restricted, mostly nonoverlapping patterns during embryonic development and strongly in distinct domains in the adult brain. Ectopic ubiquitous expression of both mdk genes in early zebrafish embryos caused completely distinct effects on neural crest and floorplate development. These data indicate that mdka and mdkb underwent functional divergence after duplication. This provides an outstanding model to analyze the molecular mechanisms that lead to differences in pathways regulating the formation of homologous embryonic structures in different vertebrates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.