ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2003
Immunoglobulin G subisotype responses of pneumonic and healthy, exposed foals and adult horses to Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential value of cytokine, cortisol and vitamin D profiles in foals from birth to weaning for respiratory disease prediction on a farm endemic for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Nebulization of an mRNA-encoded monoclonal antibody for passive immunization of foals against Rhodococcus equi.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Enteral immunization with live bacteria reprograms innate immune cells and protects neonatal foals from pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Whole-genome sequencing and pathogenicity analysis of Rhodococcus equi isolated in horses.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- PNAG-specific equine IgGVaccine · 2019Article
- VapA of Rhodococcus equi binds phosphatidic acid.Molecular microbiology · 2018Article
- A Heterologous Multiepitope DNA Prime/Recombinant Protein Boost Immunisation Strategy for the Development of an Antiserum against Micrurus corallinus (Coral Snake) Venom.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Article
- Gastrointestinal helminths may affect host susceptibility to anthrax through seasonal immune trade-offs.BMC ecology · 2014Article
- Immunogenicity of an electron beam inactivated Rhodococcus equi vaccine in neonatal foals.PloS one · 2014Article
- Failure of a VapA/CpG oligodeoxynucleotide vaccine to protect foals against experimental Rhocococcus equi pneumonia despite induction of VapA-specific antibody and interferon-γ response.Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2013Article
- Experimental infection of neonatal foals with Rhodococcus equi triggers adult-like gamma interferon induction.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2007Article
- In vivo expression of and cell-mediated immune responses to the plasmid-encoded virulence-associated proteins of Rhodococcus equi in foals.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2007Article
- The effect of CpG-ODN on antigen presenting cells of the foal.Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines · 2007Article
- Polymorphisms in equine immune response genes and their associations with infections.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and in immunocompromised humans. Replication of virulent isolates within macrophages correlates with the presence of a large plasmid which encodes a family of seven virulence-associated proteins (VapA and VapC to VapH), whose functions are unknown. Although cell-mediated immunity is thought to be crucial in eliminating R. equi infection, antibody partially protects foals. The antibody response to both VapA and VapC was similar in six adult horses and six naturally exposed but healthy foals, as well as in eight foals with R. equi pneumonia. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) subisotype response of pneumonic foals to Vap proteins was significantly IgGb biased and also had a trend toward higher IgGT association compared to the isotype association of antibody in adult horses and healthy exposed foals. This suggests that in horses, IgGb and IgGT are Th2 isotypes and IgGa is a Th1 isotype. Furthermore, it suggests that foals which develop R. equi pneumonia have a Th2-biased, ineffective immune response whereas foals which become immune develop a Th1-biased immune response. Pneumonic foals had significantly more antibody to VapD and VapE than did healthy exposed foals. This may indicate a difference in the expression of these two Vap proteins during persistent infection. Alternatively, in pneumonic foals the deviation of the immune response toward VapD and VapE may reflect a bias unfavorable to R. equi resistance. These data indicate possible age-related differences in the equine immune response affecting Th1-Th2 bias as well as antibody specificity bias, which together favor the susceptibility of foals to R. equi pneumonia.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.