Evidence map›Paper›PMID 12727770›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2003

Understanding influences on smoking in Bangladeshi and Pakistani adults: community based, qualitative study.

Judith Bush, Martin White, Joe Kai, Judith Rankin, Raj Bhopal

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  6. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009
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  16. Designing Religiously Informed and Culturally Acceptable Tobacco Cessation Interventions for UK-Based Muslims.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
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  20. Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors Related to Secondhand Smoke and Smoking in the Home: A Qualitative Study With Men in Malaysia.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023
    Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Judith BushSchool of Population and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH. Judith.bush@ncl.ac.uk
Martin White
Joe Kai
Judith Rankin
Raj Bhopal

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo gain detailed understanding of influences on smoking behaviour in Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities in the United Kingdom to inform the development of effective and culturally acceptable smoking cessation interventions.

designQualitative study using community participatory methods, purposeful sampling, one to one interviews, focus groups, and a grounded approach to data generation and analysis.

settingNewcastle upon Tyne, during 2000-2.

participants87 men and 54 women aged 18-80 years, smokers and non-smokers, from the Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities.

resultsFour dominant, highly inter-related themes had an important influence on smoking attitudes and behaviour: gender, age, religion, and tradition. Smoking was a widely accepted practice in Pakistani, and particularly Bangladeshi, men and was associated with socialising, sharing, and male identity. Among women, smoking was associated with stigma and shame. Smoking in women is often hidden from family members. Peer pressure was an important influence on smoking behaviour in younger people, who tended to hide their smoking from elders. There were varied and conflicting interpretations of how acceptable smoking is within the Muslim religion. Tradition, culture, and the family played an important role in nurturing and cultivating norms and values around smoking.

conclusionAlthough there are some culturally specific contexts for smoking behaviour in Bangladeshi and Pakistani adults-notably the influence of gender and religion-there are also strong similarities with white people, particularly among younger adults. Themes identified should help to inform the development and appropriate targeting of smoking cessation interventions.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsAttitude to HealthBangladeshCultureEnglandFamily RelationsFemaleHumansMaleMenMiddle AgedPakistan

Identifiers

PMID12727770
PMCPMC153853

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.