ArticleInfection and immunity2003
Trojan horse effect: phagocyte-mediated Streptococcus iniae infection of fish.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a serotype-specific immune response in Nile tilapia (Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Streptococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Significance and Phytotherapy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Review
- Isolation and Genetic Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genotyping ofJournal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2022Article
- The potential risk of antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus iniae in sturgeon cultivation in Sichuan, China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- The unusual isolation of carnobacteria in eyes of healthy salmonids in high-mountain lakes.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Meningitis Caused byAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Functional Analysis of Two NovelMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Therapeutic lipid-coated hybrid nanoparticles against bacterial infections.RSC advances · 2020Review
- Current Challenges ofMolecules and cells · 2018Review
- Trojan Horse Transit Contributes to Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing of a Eukaryotic Pathogen.mBio · 2017Article
- Innate immune response to Streptococcus iniae infection in zebrafish larvae.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Article
- The Streptococcus iniae transcriptional regulator CpsY is required for protection from neutrophil-mediated killing and proper growth in vitro.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- The novel polysaccharide deacetylase homologue Pdi contributes to virulence of the aquatic pathogen Streptococcus iniae.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2010Article
- Towards control of Streptococcus iniae.Emerging infectious diseases · 2009Review
- Emergence of novel Streptococcus iniae exopolysaccharide-producing strains following vaccination with nonproducing strains.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2008Article
- Streptococcus iniae M-like protein contributes to virulence in fish and is a target for live attenuated vaccine development.PloS one · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The salmonid macrophage-like cell line RTS-11 and purified trout pronephros phagocytes were used to analyze in vitro entry and survival of two Streptococcus iniae serotypes. Efficient invasion by S. iniae occurred in both cells, but only the type II strain persisted in pronephros phagocytes for at least 48 h. Ex vivo models of opsonin-dependent phagocytosis by pronephros phagocytes demonstrated increased phagocytosis efficacy. Analysis of phagocytes collected from diseased fish demonstrated that approximately 70% of the bacteria contained in the blood during the septic phase of the disease were located within phagocytes, suggesting an in vivo intracellular lifestyle. In addition to the augmented levels of bacteremia and enhanced survival within phagocytes, S. iniae type II induces considerable apoptosis of phagocytes. These variabilities in intramacrophage lifestyle might explain differences in the outcomes of infections caused by different serotypes. The generalized septic disease associated with serotype II strains is linked not only to the ability to enter and multiply within macrophages but also to the ability to cause considerable death of macrophages via apoptotic processes, leading to a highly virulent infection. We assume that the phenomenon of survival within phagocytes coupled to their apoptosis plays a crucial role in S. iniae infection. In addition, it may provide the pathogen an efficient mechanism of translocation into the central nervous system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.