ReviewAnnual review of public health2003
Classification of race and ethnicity: implications for public health.
Review in Annual review of public health, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Analysis of the association between racial inequities and edentulism in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Pooled it
- Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Utilization of Race and Ethnicity in Major Epidemiology Journals, 1995-2018: A Systematic Review.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Ethnic Differences in Characteristics of Women Diagnosed With Early Gestational Diabetes: Findings From the TOBOGM Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Umbilical Cord Milking Versus Delayed Cord Clamping in Infants 28 to 32 Weeks: A Randomized Trial.Pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Protocol of the KTFT-TALK study to reduce racial disparities in kidney transplant evaluation and living donor kidney transplantation.Contemporary clinical trials · 2017Trial
- Data Disaggregation in Action: Filipino Americans Who Do Not Identify As Asian.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Article
- Chronic Disease and Aging-Related Risk Factors in Multiracial Subgroups: California, 2014-2023.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Community Comfort With Automatic Sharing of Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data Between Health Care Settings: Cross-Sectional Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Developing inclusive, antiracist approaches to public health research: Guidelines for action.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Equity considerations in COVID-19 vaccine allocation modelling: a methodological study.Interface focus · 2025Review
- Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Asian Individuals With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the U.S., 2016-2021.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- "White" as a racial category: perceptions of mistreatment, and health.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The integration of health equity into policy to reduce disparities: Lessons from California during the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2025Article
- Contextualized race and ethnicity annotations for clinical text from MIMIC-III.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Ethno-racial inequalities on adverse birth and neonatal outcomes: a nationwide, retrospective cohort study of 21 million Brazilian newborns.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Trends in cigarette smoking and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease among Asian American, Pacific Islander, and multiracial populations.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Article
- Surgical Outcomes and Sociodemographic Disparities Across All Races: An ACS-NSQIP and NHIS Multi-Institutional Analysis of Over 7.5 Million Patients.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic status as a potential mediator of arterial aging in marginalized ethnic and racial groups: current understandings and future directions.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Review
- Asking MultiCrit Questions: A Reflexive and Critical Framework to Promote Health Data Equity for the Multiracial Population.The Milbank quarterly · 2024Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging methods in the measurement of race and ethnicity have important implications for the field of public health. Traditionally, information on race and/or ethnicity has been integral to our understanding of the health issues affecting the U.S. population. We review some of the complexities created by new classification approaches made possible by the inclusion of multiple-race assessment in the U.S. Census and large health surveys. We discuss the importance of these classification decisions in understanding racial/ethnic health and health care access disparities. The trend toward increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the United States will put further pressure on the public health industry to develop consistent and useful approaches to racial/ethnic classifications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.