ArticleInfection and immunity2003
Surfactant protein D-mediated aggregation of Pneumocystis carinii impairs phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Responses toJournal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The Emerging Role of METTL3 in Lung Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Current State of Carbohydrate Recognition and C-Type Lectin Receptors inFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Collectins: Innate Immune Pattern Recognition Molecules.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2020Review
- Pneumocystis and interactions with host immune receptors.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Dectin-2 Is a C-Type Lectin Receptor that Recognizes Pneumocystis and Participates in Innate Immune Responses.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2018Article
- The Interaction of Human Pathogenic Fungi With C-Type Lectin Receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Review
- The Interaction ofJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Role of Soluble Innate Effector Molecules in Pulmonary Defense against Fungal Pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- The Role of Surfactant in Lung Disease and Host Defense against Pulmonary Infections.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2015Review
- Host cell invasion by medically important fungi.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2014Review
- Eosinophil-associated lung diseases. A cry for surfactant proteins A and D help?American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2014Review
- An Insight into the Diverse Roles of Surfactant Proteins, SP-A and SP-D in Innate and Adaptive Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Self and nonself recognition through C-type lectin receptor, Mincle.Self/nonself · 2010Article
- SP-D and regulation of the pulmonary innate immune system in allergic airway changes.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2010Review
- Characterization of the PcCdc42 small G protein from Pneumocystis carinii, which interacts with the PcSte20 life cycle regulatory kinase.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2010Article
- Therapeutic use of surfactant components in allergic asthma.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2009Review
- C-type lectins and phagocytosis.Immunobiology · 2009Review
- Protective role of the lung collectins surfactant protein A and surfactant protein D in airway inflammation.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumocystis carinii remains an important and potentially fatal cause of opportunistic pneumonia. Animal studies reveal that substantial quantities of surfactant protein D (SP-D) accumulate in the airspaces during P. carinii pneumonia and are particularly abundant in aggregates of organisms. Due to the multimeric structure of SP-D, we hypothesized that SP-D mediates aggregation of the organism. From previous clinical studies it is known that aggregated organisms are conspicuous in sections of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of humans with active P. carinii pneumonia. Herein, we observe that SP-D levels increased at least fourfold in BAL fluids of patients with P. carinii pneumonia. Next, a spectrophotometric sedimentation assay was developed to assess the aggregation of P. carinii in vitro by SP-D. P. carinii organisms were first stripped with glutathione to remove bound SP-D and subsequently incubated in the presence of SP-D and 2 mM calcium. P. carinii incubated with natural SP-D (10 micro g/ml) containing dodecamers and higher-order forms exhibited aggregation and enhanced sedimentation compared to that of glutathione-stripped P. carinii. Aggregation was also enhanced by the concentrated supernatant of rat BAL fluid, and this effect was abolished by the selective removal of SP-D from the lavage fluid. P. carinii aggregation was reduced by maltose, mannose, and EDTA, consistent with the role of the SP-D C-type lectin domain (CRD) in the aggregation event. Comparisons of different molecular forms of SP-D showed that dodecamers-but not trimeric subunits-mediate optimal aggregation of P. carinii. Aggregation of P. carinii by SP-D was shown to be responsible for the impaired phagocytosis of the organisms by alveolar macrophages. Thus, SP-D-mediated aggregation of P. carinii may represent one means by which the organism avoids elimination by the host.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.