ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2003
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in autoimmunity: preponderance of neutralizing autoantibodies against interferon-alpha, interferon-omega and interleukin-12 in patients with thymoma and/or myasthenia gravis.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis: a case-based review of the therapeutic options.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Pooled it
- Multiplex Autoantibody Detection in Patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Cixutumumab for patients with recurrent or refractory advanced thymic epithelial tumours: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2014Trial
- High prevalence of autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in Japanese patients with hepatitis C.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Rare pediatric Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia with neutralizing anti-IL-23 autoantibodies: a case report.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Human interferon-ω: an underappreciated type I interferon.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunological Targets in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treatment: Where Are We Going Now?Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Rapid Detection of Anti-IFN-α2 Autoantibodies Using a New Automated VIDAS Assay Prototype.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Severe West Nile Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in a Patient With Thymoma and Anti-Type I Interferon Antibodies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Alterations in plasma cytokine profiles in generalized myasthenia gravis following different immunotherapeutic regimens.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Thymus research in relation to myasthenia gravis: a new perspective on cell subpopulations and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A sensitive assay for measuring whole-blood responses to type I IFNs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Autoantibodies to type I interferons in patients with systemic mastocytosis.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
- Anti-Interleukin-23 Autoantibodies in Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency.The New England journal of medicine · 2024Article
- Anti-cytokine autoantibodies: mechanistic insights and disease associations.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Neutralizing anti-IFN-γ IgG was increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and associated with susceptibility to infection.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We have screened for spontaneous anticytokine autoantibodies in patients with infections, neoplasms and autoimmune diseases, because of their increasingly reported co-occurrence. We tested for both binding and neutralizing autoantibodies to a range of human cytokines, including interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, interferon-alpha2 (IFN-alpha2), IFN-omega, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in plasmas or sera. With two notable exceptions described below, we found only occasional, mostly low-titre, non-neutralizing antibodies, mainly to GM-CSF; also to IL-10 in pemphigoid. Strikingly, however, high-titre, mainly IgG, autoantibodies to IFN-alpha2, IFN-omega and IL-12 were common at diagnosis in patients with late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG+), thymoma (T) but no MG (TMG-) and especially with both thymoma and MG together (TMG+). The antibodies recognized other closely related type I IFN-alpha subtypes, but rarely the distantly related type I IFN-beta, and never (detectably) the unrelated type II IFN-gamma. Antibodies to IL-12 showed a similar distribution to those against IFN-alpha2, although prevalences were slightly lower; correlations between individual titres against each were so modest that they appear to be entirely different specificities. Neither showed any obvious correlations with clinical parameters including thymoma histology and HLA type, but they did increase sharply if the tumours recurred. These antibodies neutralized their respective cytokine in bioassays in vitro; although they persisted for years severe infections were surprisingly uncommon, despite the immunosuppressive therapy also used in most cases. These findings must hold valuable clues to autoimmunizing mechanisms in paraneoplastic autoimmunity.
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