ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2003
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates deoxycytidine on single-stranded DNA but requires the action of RNase.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 325 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
325 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 675 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- A role for host activation-induced cytidine deaminase in innate immune defense against KSHV.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- AID self-assembly and multistranded DNA binding drive synapsis in class switch recombination.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Replication-coupled dual-deaminase mutagenesis (RCDM) enables continuous genomic evolution in Bacillus subtilis.Microbial cell factories · 2026Article
- UNG-RPA interaction governs the choice between high-fidelity and mutagenic uracil repair.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Two codes of RNA editing by deamination in human diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- DNA secondary structures in BCL2 and MYC elicit activation-induced cytidine deaminase binding and activity.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Somatic hypermutation patterns are shaped by both motif position and sequence grammar.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Imbalanced IgA-IgG class switching recombination: a novel mechanism of gut immune dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Resolving the cellular profile of germinal center-analogous microstructures in zebrafish.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- How and when organisms edit their own genomes.Nature genetics · 2025Review
- Divergent evolution of opposite base specificity and single-stranded DNA activity in animal and plant AP endonucleases.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Nucleotide level mapping of uracils in murine heavy chain switch regions shows correlation between uracilation and positions of switch junctions created during class-switch recombination.NAR molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Increased AID results in mutations at the CRLF2 locus implicated in Latin American ALL health disparities.Nature communications · 2024Article
- RNA 2'-O-methylation promotes persistent R-loop formation and AID-mediated IgH class switch recombination.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Directed-evolution mutations enhance DNA-binding affinity and protein stability of the adenine base editor ABE8e.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- The RNA tether model for human chromosomal translocation fragile zones.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2024Review
- RPA guides UNG to uracil in ssDNA to facilitate antibody class switching and repair of mutagenic uracil at the replication fork.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- A Germinal Center Checkpoint of AIRE in B Cells Limits Antibody Diversification.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Interpretable deep learning reveals the role of an E-box motif in suppressing somatic hypermutation of AGCT motifs within human immunoglobulin variable regions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
265 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is prerequisite to a "trifecta" of key molecular events in B cells: class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in humans and mice and gene conversion in chickens. Although this critically important enzyme shares common sequence motifs with apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, and exhibits deaminase activity on free deoxycytidine in solution, it has not been shown to act on either RNA or DNA. Recent mutagenesis data in Escherichia coli suggest that AID may deaminate dC on DNA, but its putative biochemical activities on either DNA or RNA remained a mystery. Here, we show that AID catalyzes deamination of dC residues on single-stranded DNA in vitro but not on double-stranded DNA, RNA-DNA hybrids, or RNA. Remarkably, it has no measurable deaminase activity on single-stranded DNA unless pretreated with RNase to remove inhibitory RNA bound to AID. AID catalyzes dC --> dU deamination activity most avidly on double-stranded DNA substrates containing a small "transcription-like" single-stranded DNA bubble, suggesting a targeting mechanism for this enigmatic enzyme during somatic hypermutation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.