Evidence map›Paper›PMID 12646701›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2003

Mineralized tissue and vertebrate evolution: the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein gene cluster.

Kazuhiko Kawasaki, Kenneth M Weiss

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
127citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

127 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Functions of secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins in dental mineralization.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Exploring the Healing Powers of Histatins: From Oral Health to Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Ameloblastin and its multifunctionality in amelogenesis: A review.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2024
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kazuhiko KawasakiDepartment of Anthropology, 409 Carpenter Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Kenneth M Weiss

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gene duplication creates evolutionary novelties by using older tools in new ways. We have identified evidence that the genes for enamel matrix proteins (EMPs), milk caseins, and salivary proteins comprise a family descended from a common ancestor by tandem gene duplication. These genes remain linked, except for one EMP gene, amelogenin. These genes show common structural features and are expressed in ontogenetically similar tissues. Many of these genes encode secretory Ca-binding phosphoproteins, which regulate the Ca-phosphate concentration of the extracellular environment. By exploiting this fundamental property, these genes have subsequently diversified to serve specialized adaptive functions. Casein makes milk supersaturated with Ca-phosphate, which was critical to the successive mammalian divergence. The innovation of enamel led to mineralized feeding apparatus, which enabled active predation of early vertebrates. The EMP genes comprise a subfamily not identified previously. A set of genes for dentine and bone extracellular matrix proteins constitutes an additional cluster distal to the EMP gene cluster, with similar structural features to EMP genes. The duplication and diversification of the primordial genes for enameldentinebone extracellular matrix may have been important in core vertebrate feeding adaptations, the mineralized skeleton, the evolution of saliva, and, eventually, lactation. The order of duplication events may help delineate early events in mineralized skeletal formation, which is a major characteristic of vertebrates.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularMultigene FamilyAnimalsBone DevelopmentCalcium-Binding ProteinsDental EnamelExtracellular Matrix ProteinsFemaleHumansMilkPhosphoproteinsPhylogenySalivaVertebratesCalcium-Binding ProteinsExtracellular Matrix ProteinsPhosphoproteins

Identifiers

PMID12646701
PMCPMC153048

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.