ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2003
No association of income inequality with adult mortality within New Zealand: a multi-level study of 1.4 million 25-64 year olds.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Causal Assessment of Income Inequality on Self-Rated Health and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Milbank quarterly · 2024Pooled it
- Is income inequality a determinant of population health? Part 1. A systematic review.The Milbank quarterly · 2004Pooled it
- Rising childhood income inequality and declining Americans' health.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Precarious Suicide Behavior According to Housing Price Gap: A Case Study on South Korea.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Relative Deprivation, Income Inequality, and Cardiovascular Health: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies in Hong Kong Chinese.Frontiers in public health · 2021Observational
- Income inequality and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a highly unequal country: a fixed-effects analysis from South Africa.International journal for equity in health · 2018Article
- To Compare is to Despair? A Population-Wide Study of Neighborhood Composition and Suicide in Stockholm.Social problems · 2017Article
- Effect modification of social-context changes on mental disability in China from 1987 to 2006: a multi-level study of 1.9 million people.BMC public health · 2017Article
- The area level association between suicide, deprivation, social fragmentation and population density in the Republic of Ireland: a national study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2016Article
- A multilevel analysis of mortality following acute myocardial infarction in Norway: do municipal health services make a difference?BMJ open · 2015Article
- Low mortality in the poorest areas of Spain: adults residing in provinces with lower per capita income have the lowest mortality.European journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
- A Swiss paradox? Higher income inequality of municipalities is associated with lower mortality in Switzerland.European journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
- An exploratory multilevel analysis of income, income inequality and self-rated health of the elderly in China.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2012Article
- Income inequality measures.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2007Review
- Relatively poor, absolutely ill? A study of regional income inequality in Russia and its possible health consequences.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2005Article
- Metropolitan income inequality and working-age mortality: a cross-sectional analysis using comparable data from five countries.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2005Article
- Has the relation between income inequality and life expectancy disappeared? Evidence from Italy and top industrialised countries.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2005Article
- Income inequality as a public health concern: where do we stand? Commentary on "Is exposure to income inequality a public health concern?".Health services research · 2003Article
- Income inequality and health in Ontario: a multilevel analysis.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publiqueArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo determine the association of regional income inequality within New Zealand with mortality among 25-64 year olds.
designIndividual census and mortality records were linked over the 1991-94 period. Income inequality (Gini coefficients) and average household income variables were calculated for 35 regions. "Individual level" variables were sex, age, ethnicity, household income, rurality, and small area socioeconomic deprivation. Logistic regression was used for the analyses. Sensitivity analyses for the level of regional aggregation were conducted.
participants1.4 million New Zealand census respondents aged 25-64 years followed up for mortality for three years. MAIN
resultsControlling for age, ethnicity, rurality, household income, and regional mean income, there was no association of income inequality with all cause mortality for either men (OR=1.007 for a 0.01 increase in the Gini, 95% confidence intervals 0.989 to 1.024) or women (OR=1.004, 0. 983 to 1.026). By cause of death (cancer, cardiovascular disease, unintentional injury, and suicide) there was some suggestion of a positive association for female unintentional injury (OR=1.068, 0.952 to 1.198) and suicide (OR=1.087, 0.957 to 1.234) but the 95% confidence intervals all included 1.0. Failure to control for ethnicity at the individual level resulted in some association of increasing regional income inequality with increasing mortality risk. Using fewer (n=14) or more (n=73) regional divisions did not substantially change the findings.
conclusionThere is no convincing evidence of an association of income inequality within New Zealand with adult mortality. Previous ecological analyses within New Zealand suggesting an association of income inequality with mortality were confounded by ethnicity at the individual level. However, this study does not refute the possibility that income inequality at the national level affects health.
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