ArticlePlant physiology2003
Root factors induce mitochondrial-related gene expression and fungal respiration during the developmental switch from asymbiosis to presymbiosis in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora rosea.
Article in Plant physiology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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39 citing papers in PubMed, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Evolutionary genomics reveals variation in structure and genetic content implicated in virulence and lifestyle in the genus Gaeumannomyces.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Biostimulant and Biocontrol Agents: A Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Mitochondrial Inheritance in Phytopathogenic Fungi-Everything Is Known, or Is It?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Metatranscriptomic reconstruction reveals RNA viruses with the potential to shape carbon cycling in soil.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Unraveling the Initial Plant Hormone Signaling, Metabolic Mechanisms and Plant Defense Triggering the Endomycorrhizal Symbiosis Behavior.Frontiers in plant science · 2018Review
- Real-time PCR quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: does the use of nuclear or mitochondrial markers make a difference?Mycorrhiza · 2017Article
- A Functional Approach towards Understanding the Role of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in an Endomycorrhizal Symbiosis.Frontiers in plant science · 2017Article
- Rice (Oryza sativa L) plantation affects the stability of biochar in paddy soil.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Article
- Biotic interactions in the rhizosphere: a diverse cooperative enterprise for plant productivity.Plant physiology · 2014Review
- Expanding genomics of mycorrhizal symbiosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
- The exudate from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus induces nitric oxide accumulation in Medicago truncatula roots.Mycorrhiza · 2012Article
- Intraradical dynamics of two coexisting isolates of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices sensu lato as estimated by real-time PCR of mitochondrial DNA.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2012Article
- An active factor from tomato root exudates plays an important role in efficient establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis.PloS one · 2012Article
- The synthetic strigolactone GR24 influences the growth pattern of phytopathogenic fungi.Planta · 2011Article
- Macromolecular trafficking between a vesicular arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus and roots of transgenic tobacco.Plant signaling & behavior · 2011Article
- Review
- Unraveling the network: Novel developments in the understanding of signaling and nutrient exchange mechanisms in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.Plant signaling & behavior · 2008Article
- pH signature for the responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to external stimuli.Plant signaling & behavior · 2008Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During spore germination, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi show limited hyphal development in the absence of a host plant (asymbiotic). In the presence of root exudates, they switch to a new developmental stage (presymbiotic) characterized by extensive hyphal branching. Presymbiotic branching of the AM fungus Gigaspora rosea was induced in liquid medium by a semipurified exudate fraction from carrot (Daucus carota) root organ cultures. Changes in RNA accumulation patterns were monitored by differential display analysis. Differentially appearing cDNA fragments were cloned and further analyzed. Five cDNA fragments could be identified that show induced RNA accumulation 1 h after the addition of root exudate. Sequence similarities of two fragments to mammalian Nco4 and mitochondrial rRNA genes suggested that root exudates could influence fungal respiratory activity. To support this hypothesis, additional putative mitochondrial related-genes were shown to be induced by root exudates. These genes were identified after subtractive hybridization and putatively encode a pyruvate carboxylase and a mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocase. The gene GrosPyc1 for the pyruvate carboxylase was studied in more detail by cloning a cDNA and by quantifying its RNA accumulation. The hypothesis that respiratory activity of AM fungi is stimulated by root exudates was confirmed by physiological and cytological analyses in G. rosea and Glomus intraradices. Oxygen consumption and reducing activity of both fungi was induced after 3 and 2 h of exposition with the root factor, respectively, and the first respiration activation was detected in G. intraradices after approximately 90 min. In addition, changes in mitochondrial morphology, orientation, and overall biomass were detected in G. rosea after 4 h. In summary, the root-exuded factor rapidly induces the expression of certain fungal genes and, in turn, fungal respiratory activity before intense branching. This defines the developmental switch from asymbiosis to presymbiosis, first by gene activation (0.5-1 h), subsequently on the physiological level (1.5-3 h), and finally as a morphological response (after 5 h).
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