ArticleHeart (British Cardiac Society)2003
Serum magnesium aberrations in furosemide (frusemide) treated patients with congestive heart failure: pathophysiological correlates and prognostic evaluation.
Article in Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of serum magnesium and mortality outcomes in heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Understanding Renal Tubular Function: Key Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance, and Comprehensive Urine Assessment.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the Prevalence of Hypomagnesemia and the Related Risk Factors in Patients Admitted to a Referral Heart Hospital in Isfahan.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- The Effects of Different Treatments on Serum Trace Element Levels in Dogs with Heart Failure.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Mechanisms coupling sodium and magnesium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2021Review
- The Effect of Serum Electrolyte Disturbances and Uric Acid Level on the Mortality of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Turkish thoracic journal · 2020Article
- Clinical significance of serum magnesium levels in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Medicine · 2019Observational
- Micronutrient Deficiency Independently Predicts Time to Event in Patients With Heart Failure.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Article
- Relation of serum magnesium levels and postdischarge outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure (from the EVEREST Trial).The American journal of cardiology · 2013Article
- Increased expression of renal TRPM6 compensates for Mg(2+) wasting during furosemide treatment.Clinical kidney journal · 2012Article
- Low serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study.International journal of cardiology · 2009Article
- Nutrition in Pediatric Cardiomyopathy.Progress in pediatric cardiology · 2007Article
- Hypomagnesemia and cardiovascular system.Hippokratia · 2006Article
- Micronutrients and their supplementation in chronic cardiac failure. An update beyond theoretical perspectives.Heart failure reviews · 2006Review
- The prognostic impact of magnesium in acute heart failure is different according to the presence of diabetes mellitus.Porto biomedical journalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the prevalence of hypomagnesaemia and hypermagnesaemia, to discern various factors associated with abnormal serum magnesium, and to estimate prognostic significance of serum magnesium aberrations in patients with congestive heart failure.
designObservational study.
settingMedical department of a university hospital (tertiary referral centre). PATIENTS: 404 consecutive patients admitted with congestive heart failure as one of the diagnoses and previously treated with furosemide (frusemide) for at least three months.
main outcome measuresClinical, biochemical, and electrocardiographic variables were analysed with respect to serum magnesium aberrations. Following discharge, mortality rates, including sudden death, were registered.
resultsHypomagnesaemia was found in 50 patients (12.3%) and 20 (4.9%) were hypermagnesaemic. Female sex (p < 0.04), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.006), hypocalcaemia (p = 0.03), hyponatraemia (p < 0.05), malignant disease (p = 0.05), and high fever (p = 0.05) were statistically associated with hypomagnesaemia. Renal failure, severe congestive heart failure, and high dose furosemide treatment (> 80 mg/day) were associated with hypermagnesaemia (p < 0.001, p = 0.05, and p < 0.03, respectively). Hypermagnesaemic patients were older and weighed less. On follow up (median duration 43 months), 169 (41.8%) died, with 22 (13%) sudden deaths. Mortality was highest with hypermagnesaemia, lowest with normomagnesaemia, and intermediate with hypomagnesaemia. After adjustment for renal failure, old age, and severity of congestive heart failure, hypomagnesaemia but not hypermagnesaemia emerged as being significantly associated with shorter survival (p = 0.009). No statistical association was found between sudden death and magnesium concentrations.
conclusionsWhile hypermagnesaemia seems to represent a prognostic marker only, hypomagnesaemia appears to have an adverse pathophysiological effect. The subgroup of patients at risk for hypomagnesaemia requires frequent serum magnesium determinations and magnesium replacement for as long as hypomagnesaemia persists.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.