ArticleJournal of virology2003
The CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors are both used by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolates from subtype C.
Article in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV cure: from early therapies to cutting-edge strategies.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Coreceptor usage of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid-derived HIV-1 subtype C variants.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Prediction of the Co-receptor usage of the main worldwide HIV-1 subtypes, CRF, and CRF35-AD in Iranian patients via the five genotypic tools.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Dynamics and features of transmission clusters of HIV-1 subtypes in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Evolution Driven By A Varying Host Environment Selects For Distinct HIV-1 Entry Phenotypes and Other Informative Variants.Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Consequences of HIV infection in the bone marrow niche.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Structural dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants: A health monitoring strategy for anticipating Covid-19 outbreaks.The Journal of infection · 2021Article
- HIV-1CViruses · 2020Article
- A near full-length HIV-1 genome from 1966 recovered from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Investigation of Gene Expression and DNA Methylation From Seven Different Brain Regions of a Crab-Eating Monkey as Determined by RNA-Seq and Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- Individuals with HIV-1 Subtype C Infection and Cryptococcal Meningitis Exhibit Viral Genetic Intermixing of HIV-1 Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid and a High Prevalence of CXCR4-Using Variants.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Next generation sequencing reveals a high frequency of CXCR4 utilizing viruses in HIV-1 chronically infected drug experienced individuals in South Africa.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2018Article
- Opportunities for therapeutic antibodies directed at G-protein-coupled receptors.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2017Review
- Monophylogenetic HIV-1C epidemic in Ethiopia is dominated by CCR5-tropic viruses-an analysis of a prospective country-wide cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Prediction of coreceptor usage by five bioinformatics tools in a large Ethiopian HIV-1 subtype C cohort.PloS one · 2017Article
- UCLA1 aptamer inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C primary isolates in macrophages and selection of resistance.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2016Article
- Genetic diversity and proviral DNA load in different neural compartments of HIV-1 subtype C infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2015Article
- HIV-2 interaction with cell coreceptors: amino acids within the V1/V2 region of viral envelope are determinant for CCR8, CCR5 and CXCR4 usage.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Coreceptor usage, diversity, and divergence in drug-naive and drug-exposed individuals from Malawi, infected with HIV-1 subtype C for more than 20 years.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Article
- Evolution of HIV-1 coreceptor usage and coreceptor switching during pregnancy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C viruses with different coreceptor usage profiles were isolated from 29 South African patients with advanced AIDS. All 24 R5 isolates were inhibited by the CCR5-specific agents, PRO 140 and RANTES, while the two X4 viruses and the three R5X4 viruses were sensitive to the CXCR4-specific inhibitor, AMD3100. The five X4 or R5X4 viruses were all able to replicate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells that did not express CCR5. When tested using coreceptor-transfected cell lines, one R5 virus was also able to use CXCR6, and another R5X4 virus could use CCR3, BOB/GPR15, and CXCR6. The R5X4 and X4 viruses contained more-diverse V3 loop sequences, with a higher overall positive charge, than the R5 viruses. Hence, some HIV-1 subtype C viruses are able to use CCR5, CXCR4, or both CXCR4 and CCR5 for entry, and they are sensitive to specific inhibitors of entry via these coreceptors. These observations are relevant to understanding the rapid spread of HIV-1 subtype C in the developing world and to the design of intervention and treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.