ArticleMolecular biology of the cell2003
HIV-1 envelope proteins complete their folding into six-helix bundles immediately after fusion pore formation.
Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Divergent HIV-1 Restriction Phenotypes of IFITMs Expressed in Target Cells and Incorporated into Virions.Biomolecules · 2026Article
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- Heptad repeat 1-derived N peptide inhibitors improve broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- HIV-1 envelope facilitates the development of protease inhibitor resistance through acquiring mutations associated with viral entry and immune escape.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- HIV Infection: Shaping the Complex, Dynamic, and Interconnected Network of the Cytoskeleton.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Real-time Exchange of the Lipid-bound Intermediate and Post-fusion States of the HIV-1 gp41 Ectodomain.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Article
- Transient lipid-bound states of spike protein heptad repeats provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion.Science advances · 2021Article
- The late endosome-resident lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate is a cofactor for Lassa virus fusion.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Article
- The Interplay of HIV and Autophagy in Early Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Biophysical studies of HIV-1 glycoprotein-41 interactions with peptides and small molecules - Effect of lipids and detergents.Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects · 2020Article
- Gp41-targeted antibodies restore infectivity of a fusion-deficient HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- New Consensus pattern in Spike CoV-2: potential implications in coagulation process and cell-cell fusion.Cell death discovery · 2020Review
- Cell-cell and virus-cell fusion assay-based analyses of alanine insertion mutants in the distal α9 portion of the JRFL gp41 subunit from HIV-1.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- The Polar Region of the HIV-1 Envelope Protein Determines Viral Fusion and Infectivity by Stabilizing the gp120-gp41 Association.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Article
- Six-helix bundle completion in the distal C-terminal heptad repeat region of gp41 is required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.Retrovirology · 2018Article
- Efficient Fusion at Neutral pH by Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp41 Trimers Containing the Fusion Peptide and Transmembrane Domains.Biochemistry · 2018Article
- Gene Editing of HIV-1 Co-receptors to Prevent and/or Cure Virus Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- pH regulation in early endosomes and interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins control avian retrovirus fusion.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fusion proteins of many viruses, including HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), fold into six-helix bundle structures. Fusion between individual Env-expressing cells and target cells was studied by fluorescence microscopy, and a temperature jump technique, to determine whether folding of Env into a bundle is complete by the time fusion pores have formed. Lowering temperature to 4 degrees C immediately after a pore opened halted pore growth, which quickly resumed when temperature was raised again. HIV gp41-derived peptides that inhibit bundle formation (C34 or N36) caused the cold-arrested pore to quickly and irreversibly close, demonstrating that bundle formation is not complete by the time a pore has formed. In contrast, lowering the temperature to an intermediate value also halted pore growth, but the pore was not closed by the bundle-inhibiting peptides, and it enlarged when temperature was again elevated. This latter result shows that bundle formation is definitely required for the fusion process, but surprisingly, some (if not all) bundle formation occurs after a pore has formed. It is concluded that an essential function of the bundle is to stabilize the pore against collapse and ensure its growth.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.