ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2003
Constitutive expression of a bacterial pattern recognition receptor, CD14, in human salivary glands and secretion as a soluble form in saliva.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- sCD14 Level in Saliva of Children and Adolescents with and without Dental Caries, a Hurdle Model.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- From the raw bar to the bench: Bivalves as models for human health.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2019Review
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the gene encoding the lipopolysaccharide receptor CD14 are associated with bacterial diarrhea in US and Canadian travelers to Mexico.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2011Article
- Potential down-regulation of salivary gland AQP5 by LPS via cross-coupling of NF-kappaB and p-c-Jun/c-Fos.The American journal of pathology · 2010Article
- Soluble forms of Toll-like receptor 4 are present in human saliva and modulate tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion by macrophage-like cells.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2009Article
- Differential activation of human gingival epithelial cells and monocytes by Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Oral health measurement in nursing research: state of the science.Biological research for nursing · 2006Review
- Human CD14 expressed in seeds of transgenic tobacco displays similar proteolytic resistance and bioactivity with its mammalian-produced counterpart.Transgenic research · 2006Article
- Augmentation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans invasion of human oral epithelial cells and up-regulation of interleukin-8 production by saliva CD14.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2010-04-01Duplication of/in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Company/Institution · Misconduct by Author · · Original Article in Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. Retraction Notice in Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, the updated name for the same journal
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Saliva contains a number of proteins and glycoproteins that protect oral tissues, but little is known about the role of human saliva in innate immunity. Here we showed that human major salivary gland cells constitutively expressed a bacterial pattern recognition receptor, CD14, by immunohistochemistry. Human salivary gland cells in culture express CD14 mRNA and a 55-kDa CD14 protein in, but not on the cells, and secrete a soluble form with the same molecular mass. Human whole saliva contains a 55-kDa CD14, and the concentration of parotid saliva was 10-fold higher than whole saliva, which is comparable to that of serum CD14. Levels of CD14 in unstimulated whole and parotid saliva were unchanged before and after a meal and between unstimulated and stimulated saliva, indicating that saliva CD14 is constitutively secreted into the oral cavity. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein was below the detectable level. The saliva CD14 is functionally active in that it mediated the activation of CD14-lacking intestinal epithelial cells by LPS in a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. These results suggested that saliva CD14 is important for the maintenance of oral health and possibly intestinal homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.