ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2003
Clearance of virulent but not avirulent Rhodococcus equi from the lungs of adult horses is associated with intracytoplasmic gamma interferon production by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential value of cytokine, cortisol and vitamin D profiles in foals from birth to weaning for respiratory disease prediction on a farm endemic for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity-focused review.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Review
- IgG Subtype Response against Virulence-Associated Protein A in Foals Naturally Infected withVeterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Evaluation of vaccine candidates against Rhodococcus equi in BALB/c mice infection model: cellular and humoral immune responses.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Comparison of the broncoalveolar lavage fluid proteomics between foals and adult horses.PloS one · 2023Article
- Failure of a VapA/CpG oligodeoxynucleotide vaccine to protect foals against experimental Rhocococcus equi pneumonia despite induction of VapA-specific antibody and interferon-γ response.Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2013Article
- Streptolysin-O/antibiotics adjunct therapy modulates site-specific expression of extracellular matrix and inflammatory genes in lungs of Rhodococcus equi infected foals.Veterinary research communications · 2013Article
- Early development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in neonatal foals following oral inoculation with Rhodococcus equi.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2011Article
- Identification of Rhodococcus equi lipids recognized by host cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2010Article
- Contribution of each of four Superantigens to Streptococcus equi-induced mitogenicity, gamma interferon synthesis, and immunity.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
- Article
- Foal monocyte-derived dendritic cells become activated upon Rhodococcus equi infection.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
- Article
- Experimental infection of neonatal foals with Rhodococcus equi triggers adult-like gamma interferon induction.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2007Article
- In vivo expression of and cell-mediated immune responses to the plasmid-encoded virulence-associated proteins of Rhodococcus equi in foals.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2007Article
- The effect of CpG-ODN on antigen presenting cells of the foal.Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines · 2007Article
- Article
- Rhodococcus equi-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in immune horses and development in asymptomatic foals.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Rhodococcus equi-infected macrophages are recognized and killed by CD8+ T lymphocytes in a major histocompatibility complex class I-unrestricted fashion.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Polymorphisms in equine immune response genes and their associations with infections.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive bacterium that infects alveolar macrophages and causes rhodococcal pneumonia in horses and humans. The virulence plasmid of R. equi appears to be required for both pathogenicity in the horse and the induction of protective immunity. An understanding of the mechanisms by which virulent R. equi circumvents protective host responses and by which bacteria are ultimately cleared is important for development of an effective vaccine. Six adult horses were challenged with either virulent R. equi or an avirulent, plasmid-cured derivative. By using a flow cytometric method for intracytoplasmic detection of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells, clearance of the virulent strain was shown to be associated with increased numbers of pulmonary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes producing IFN-gamma. There was no change in IFN-gamma-positive cells in peripheral blood, suggesting that a type 1 recall response at the site of challenge was protective. The plasmid-cured strain of R. equi was cleared in horses without a significant increase in IFN-gamma-producing T lymphocytes in BALF. In contrast to these data, a previous report in foals suggested an immunomodulating role for R. equi virulence plasmid-encoded products in downregulating IFN-gamma expression by equine CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Intracytoplasmic detection of IFN-gamma provides a method to better determine whether modulation of macrophage-activating cytokines by virulent strains occurs uniquely in neonates and contributes to their susceptibility to rhodococcal pneumonia.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.