ArticleVirology2003
Four-gene-combination DNA vaccine protects mice against a lethal vaccinia virus challenge and elicits appropriate antibody responses in nonhuman primates.
Article in Virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody responses to vaccinia membrane proteins after smallpox vaccination.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2007Trial
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- The first key for the Priority Pathogens: Protective immunogens in development of vaccines and medications.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
- Discovery and Structural Characterization of a Highly Protective Neutralizing Antibody Targeting the Mpox Virus A35R Protein.MedComm · 2026Article
- CircRNA based bi-antigen vaccines against mpox virus induce potent and durable cross-protection in mice.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Circular RNA vaccines encoding fusion proteins of Mpox Virus A35R-M1R and B6R-A29L induce robust and durable protective immunity in mice.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Rational mpox vaccine design: immunogenicity and protective effect of individual and multicomponent proteins in mice.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Mpox: Global epidemic situation and countermeasures.Virulence · 2025Review
- Article
- Emerging strategies for monkeypox: antigen and antibody applications in diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Anti-M1R/B6R antibody characterization and bispecific design for enhanced orthopoxvirus protection.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Multivalent mpox protein nanoparticle vaccines confer cross-protection against orthopoxvirus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Next-gen novel nanocage-based multivalent vaccine candidate to tackle the rising menace of Mpox.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Poxvirus structural biology for application to vaccine design.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Generation and characterization of neutralizing antibodies against M1R and B6R proteins of monkeypox virus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- An Mpox Multi-Antigen-Tandem Bivalent mRNA Candidate Vaccine Effectively Protects Mice Against the Vaccinia Virus.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Which Proteins? The Challenge of Identifying the Protective Antigens for Next-Generation Capripoxvirus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Current status of next-generation vaccines against mpox virus: a scoping review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Current advances and challenges in mpox vaccine development: a global landscape.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2025Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Two major infectious forms of vaccinia virus (VACV) have been described: the intracellular mature virion (IMV), and the extracellular enveloped virion (EEV). Due to their stability in the environment, IMVs play a predominant role in host-to-host transmission, whereas EEVs play an important role in dissemination within the host. In a previous report, we demonstrated that mice vaccinated with VACV L1R (IMV immunogen) and A33R (EEV immunogen) were protected from a lethal poxvirus challenge. Vaccination with a combination of both genes conferred greater protection than either gene alone, suggesting that an immune response against both IMV and EEV is advantageous. Here, we report that in mice individually administered DNA vaccines with two different VACV immunogens, A27L (IMV immunogen) or B5R (EEV immunogen), failed to significantly protect; however, vaccination with a combination of both genes conferred a high level of protection. Mice were completely protected when vaccinated with a combination of four VACV genes (A27L + A33R + L1R + B5R). Rhesus macaques vaccinated with this four-gene-combination developed appropriate antibody responses to each protein. Antibody responses elicited by this vaccine cross-reacted with monkeypox virus orthologous proteins. These data indicate that a gene-based vaccine comprised of the VACV A27L + A33R + L1R + B5R genes may be a useful candidate to protect against other orthopoxviruses, including those that cause monkeypox and smallpox.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.