ArticleImmunogenetics2003
Prediction of the prototype of the human Toll-like receptor gene family from the pufferfish, Fugu rubripes, genome.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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59 citing papers in PubMed, 316 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Transcriptomic Responses to Koi Herpesvirus in Isolated Blood Leukocytes from Infected Common Carp.Viruses · 2024Article
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- Identification and characterization of Toll-like receptor 14d in Northeast Chinese lamprey (Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of Toll-like Receptors in Marbled Rockfish (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Comparative Transcriptomic Immune Responses of Mullet (Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Genome-wide identification and characterization of toll-like receptor 5 (Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Association study between relative expression levels of eight genes and growth rate in Hungarian common carp (Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
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- The Potential of Toll-Like Receptors to Modulate Avian Immune System: Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variants and Phytonutrients.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Marking vertebrates langerhans cells, from fish to mammals.Acta histochemica · 2020Review
- NF-κB signaling induces inductive expression of the downstream molecules and IgD gene in the freshwater carp,3 Biotech · 2020Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 5 of Golden PompanoInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout (International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Growth performance, lipid metabolism, and health status of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed three different forms of sodium butyrate.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2019Article
- A Comparison of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Cartilaginous Fish, Ray-Finned Fish, and Lobe-Finned Fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The insect Toll family of proteins and their mammalian counterparts seemingly shared one common ancestor and evolved independently. Here we demonstrated that the prototype of the mammalian-type (M-type) Toll family is shared by the fish and humans. According to the draft of the pufferfish Fugu genome project, the signature Toll-IL-1 receptor homology domain (TIR domain) has been conserved during evolution. FuguTLR2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9 members correspond structurally to respective mammalian TLRs. One Fugu TLR showed equally high amino acid identity to human TLR1, 6 and 10, and we named it FuguTLR1. Fugu rubripes has genes for TLR21 and 22, which are unique to fish. One possible interpretation of these findings is that TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 21 and 22 existed in the ancestral genome common to fish and mammals, and that TLR4 was lost in the fish lineage, while TLR21 and 22 were lost in the mammalian lineage. Strikingly, a solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, has only a few Toll-like proteins, which, like Caenorhabditis elegans Toll, represent primitive ones before the expansion of the Toll family. Therefore, the expansion of TLR genes should have occurred earlier than fish, but not C. intestinalis, separated evolutionarily from mammals. These results infer that the appearance of the M-type innate system was completed before or concomitant with the appearance of acquired immunity. We interpret the present data to mean that the differences of TLRs identified in this study between fishes and humans may be rather peripheral, partially due to selection pressure exerted by pathogens in distinct environments.
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