ArticleTobacco control2003
The importance of social sources of cigarettes to school students.
Article in Tobacco control, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- "You Do It Through the Grapevine": A Bourdieusian Analysis of Under-Age Access to Tobacco Among Adolescents From Seven European Cities.Qualitative health research · 2021Article
- [The Effect of Neighborhood Characteristics and Friends' Smoking Status on the Habitual Smoking Onset in Adolescents].Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · 2021Article
- Places to Smoke: Exploring Smoking-Related Practices among Danish Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Why staff at European schools abstain from enforcing smoke-free policies on persistent violators.Health promotion international · 2020Article
- Why Secondary Schools Do Not Implement Far-Reaching Smoke-Free Policies: Exploring Deep Core, Policy Core, and Secondary Beliefs of School Staff in the Netherlands.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2019Article
- Exploring the association between E-cigarette retailer proximity and density to schools and youth E-cigarette use.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Adolescent Smoking in Secondary Schools that Have Implemented Smoke-Free Policies: In-Depth Exploration of Shared Smoking Patterns.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Is there differential responsiveness to a future cigarette price increase depending on adolescents' source of cigarette access?Medicine · 2017Observational
- A qualitative study of how young Scottish smokers living in disadvantaged communities get their cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Article
- Consumption of single cigarettes and quitting behavior: a longitudinal analysis of Mexican smokers.BMC public health · 2011Article
- The impact of local U.S. tobacco policies on youth tobacco use: A critical review.Open journal of preventive medicine · 2011Article
- Does the availability of single cigarettes promote or inhibit cigarette consumption? Perceptions, prevalence and correlates of single cigarette use among adult Mexican smokers.Tobacco control · 2009Article
- Smoking in Scottish youths: personal income, parental social class and the cost of smoking.Tobacco control · 2007Article
- Buying and selling "loosies" in Baltimore: the informal exchange of cigarettes in the community context.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2007Article
- Young people's access to tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2005Article
- Sources of cigarettes among adolescent smokers: Free or purchased?American journal of health educationArticle
- Predictors of different cigarette access behaviours among occasional and regular smoking youth.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publiqueArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo discover the importance of social sources of tobacco to young people as opposed to commercial sources; to describe the peer market for cigarettes in schools and the consequences for young people of their involvement in it. STUDY
designCross sectional questionnaire survey, one-to-one interviews, and focus groups.
settingSeven schools in Birmingham, UK. SUBJECTS: All students in two randomly selected classes from each school completed the questionnaire, and never smokers, occasional smokers, and regular smokers were interviewed.
resultsTwo thirds of occasional smokers and one quarter of regular smokers obtained cigarettes socially, mostly for free. A few smokers regularly bought their cigarettes from others. Among friendship groups, both smokers and non-smokers were involved in the exchange of cigarettes, often for money, which is a common activity. A few young people use the selling of cigarettes to fund their own smoking. Some young people, smokers and non-smokers, are involved in semi-commercial selling of cigarettes. All school students are aware of where to purchase cigarettes from non-friends, which is only used "in emergency" because of the high price. One school had a strong punishment policy for students caught with cigarettes. In this school, more people bought singles from the peer market and the price was higher.
conclusionsThe passing and selling of cigarettes in school is a common activity, which from the young persons perspective, ensures that all share cross counter purchases. A few people are prepared to use the peer market for monetary gain and it appears to be responsive to external conditions. The peer market might mean that efforts to control illegal sales of cigarettes are not as effective as hoped.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.