ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2003
Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers.
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Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- Adulthood depletion of Integrator extends lifespan and healthspan via defective pre-mRNA processing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- eIF3i facilitates NELFCD translation to promote metastasis via regulating EMT and invadopodia.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Evolution of promoter-proximal pausing enabled a new layer of transcription control.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Emerging insights into enhancer RNAs: biogenesis, function, mechanism, and disease implication.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- Defective RNA processing and ELOA-mediated transcriptional elongation in reversible cellular senescence suggest aging by transcription.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Transcription quality control at the promoter-proximal checkpoint.Genes & development · 2025Review
- CDK9 is a dependency in GATA-3 driven and MCL-1 independent T-cell Lymphomas.Blood cancer journal · 2025Article
- Identification of proteins in semen-derived extracellular vesicles that bind to Tat and NF-κB and that may impair HIV replication.Science signaling · 2025Article
- CRISPR with Transcriptional Readout reveals influenza transcription is modulated by NELF and can precipitate an interferon response.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- CRISPR with Transcriptional Readout reveals influenza transcription is modulated by NELF and can precipitate an interferon response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Structural insights into promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II at +1 nucleosome.Science advances · 2025Article
- Toward structural understanding of eukaryotic transcription elongation.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2025Review
- The role of methylation quantification of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a diagnostic biomarker of Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and Paragangliomas (PGLs).Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Chromatin protein complexes involved in gene repression in lamina-associated domains.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- TH1L involvement in colorectal cancer pathogenesis by regulation of CCL20 through the NF-κB signalling pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Distinct negative elongation factor conformations regulate RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pausing.Molecular cell · 2024Article
- A Revision of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Transcription: First, Repress; Then, Express.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Mechanisms and Functions of Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein in Synaptic Plasticity.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The multisubunit transcription elongation factor NELF (for negative elongation factor) acts together with DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole) sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF)/human Spt4-Spt5 to cause transcriptional pausing of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). NELF activity is associated with five polypeptides, A to E. NELF-A has sequence similarity to hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), the viral protein that binds to and activates RNAPII, whereas NELF-E is an RNA-binding protein whose RNA-binding activity is critical for NELF function. To understand the interactions of DSIF, NELF, and RNAPII at a molecular level, we identified the B, C, and D proteins of human NELF. NELF-B is identical to COBRA1, recently reported to associate with the product of breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. NELF-C and NELF-D are highly related or identical to the protein called TH1, of unknown function. NELF-B and NELF-C or NELF-D are integral subunits that bring NELF-A and NELF-E together, and coexpression of these four proteins in insect cells resulted in the reconstitution of functionally active NELF. Detailed analyses using mutated recombinant complexes indicated that the small region of NELF-A with similarity to HDAg is critical for RNAPII binding and for transcriptional pausing. This study defines several important protein-protein interactions and opens the way for understanding the mechanism of DSIF- and NELF-induced transcriptional pausing.
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