ArticleHistochemistry and cell biology2003
Toll-like receptor 2 is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells type II and macrophages in the human lung.
Article in Histochemistry and cell biology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
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- Detecting Critical Functional Ingredients Group and Mechanism of Xuebijing Injection in Treating Sepsis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Lung macrophages: current understanding of their roles in Ozone-induced lung diseases.Critical reviews in toxicology · 2020Review
- Respiratory Barrier as a Safeguard and Regulator of Defense Against Influenza A Virus andFrontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Modeling trauma in rats: similarities to humans and potential pitfalls to consider.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Review
- Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are modulated during in vitro and in vivo infection with the intracellular bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Article
- Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are modulated during Francisella tularensis infection, but inhibition of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) is of limited therapeutic benefit.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2016Article
- Contemporary views on inflammatory pain mechanisms: TRPing over innate and microglial pathways.F1000Research · 2016Review
- Mechanical Ventilation Alters the Development of Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Rabbit.PloS one · 2016Article
- Differential toll-like receptor activation in lung ischemia reperfusion injury.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2015Article
- p120-catenin expressed in alveolar type II cells is essential for the regulation of lung innate immune response.The American journal of pathology · 2015Article
- Interaction of alveolar epithelial cells with CFP21, a mycobacterial cutinase-like enzyme.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2014Article
- Interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Review
- Granuloma formation in pulmonary sarcoidosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Review
- Human hemorrhagic pulmonary leptospirosis: pathological findings and pathophysiological correlations.PloS one · 2013Article
- Bacterium-like particles for efficient immune stimulation of existing vaccines and new subunit vaccines in mucosal applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
- Article
- Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guerin regulates leukocyte recruitment by modulating alveolar inflammatory responses.Innate immunity · 2012Article
- Alcohol abuse and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections: consideration of virulence factors and impaired immune responses.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ability of the host to recognize pulmonary invasion by pathogenic organisms and establish an appropriate host response to infection requires innate immune defense mechanisms. Early bacterial clearance in the lung is mediated by alveolar macrophages (AM) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Additionally alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II) may act as immunoregulatory cells. The toll-like receptors (TLR) are part of this innate immune defense, recognizing conserved patterns on microorganisms. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is crucial in detecting components of gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria. Signals initiated by the interaction of TLR2 with bacterial components direct the subsequent inflammatory response. The detection of TLR2 mRNA in human lung tissue prompted us to localize the expression of mRNA and protein at the cellular level using a novel method for tissue fixation. We utilized HOPE-fixed lung specimen sections for targeting mRNA by in situ hybridization and protein by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody TL2.1. In normal lung areas the expression of TLR2 mRNA and protein was found to be located in cells resembling AEC-II and AM. Expression of mRNA was verified by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. These results indicate a potential mechanism of increased immunosurveillance at the alveolar level controlling the localized infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.