ReviewPaediatric drugs2003
Treatment of apnea of prematurity.
Review in Paediatric drugs, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring the Suitability of High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography for the Analysis of Drug Admixtures in Total Parenteral Nutrition Using Caffeine, Ibuprofen and Midazolam as Model Drugs.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Physicochemical compatibility of caffeine citrate and caffeine base injections with parenteral medications used in neonatal intensive care settings.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Specific Premature Groups Have Better Benefits When Treating Apnea With Caffeine Than Aminophylline/Theophylline.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- The retrotrapezoid nucleus and the neuromodulation of breathing.Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Review
- Caffeine and Clinical Outcomes in Premature Neonates.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- The Purinome and the preBötzinger Complex - A Ménage of Unexplored Mechanisms That May Modulate/Shape the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Caffeine: an evidence-based success story in VLBW pharmacotherapy.Pediatric research · 2018Review
- The Role of Caffeine in Noninvasive Respiratory Support.Clinics in perinatology · 2016Review
- Incorporating pharmacodynamic considerations into caffeine therapeutic drug monitoring in preterm neonates.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2016Observational
- Predictive Factors for Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Theophylline for Extubation in Infants with Apnea of Prematurity.PloS one · 2016Article
- Caffeine impairs gastrointestinal function in newborn rats.Pediatric research · 2015Article
- PDE5 Inhibitors as Potential Tools in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2012Article
- Purinergic modulation of preBötzinger complex inspiratory rhythm in rodents: the interaction between ATP and adenosine.The Journal of physiology · 2011Article
- Caffeine for the management of apnea in preterm infants.International health · 2009Article
- Tripartite purinergic modulation of central respiratory networks during perinatal development: the influence of ATP, ectonucleotidases, and ATP metabolites.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2009Article
- Caffeine in the neonatal period induces long-lasting changes in sleep and breathing in adult rats.The Journal of physiology · 2009Article
- Sequential updating of a new dynamic pharmacokinetic model for caffeine in premature neonates.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2007Article
- A1 adenosine receptors mediate hypoxia-induced ventriculomegaly.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the last decade, knowledge regarding the neurodevelopment and functional aspects of the respiratory centers during postnatal maturation has increased substantially. However, an increase in such knowledge has not provided a basis for change in practice. The diagnosis of apnea of prematurity (AOP) is one of exclusion. All causes of secondary apnea must be ruled out before initiating treatment for AOP. Treatment will depend on the etiology as well as effectiveness and tolerability of the treatment by the patient. The primary goal of any treatment of AOP is to prevent the frequency of apnea lasting >20 seconds, and/or those that are shorter, but associated with cyanosis and bradycardia. The clinical management of AOP is not much different today than it was two decades ago, with pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options remaining the mainstay of therapy. Methylxanthines are still the most widely used pharmacologic agents. Due to the wider therapeutic index of caffeine and ease of once daily administration, it should be the preferred agent. Doxapram, or nonpharmacologic treatment measures such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure, may be considered in infants who are unresponsive to methylxanthine treatment alone. Treatment should be continued until there is complete resolution of apnea, and for some time thereafter. The choice of method for weaning treatment remains one of individual physician preference. Discharge from hospital after apnea requires close monitoring and some infants will require home apnea monitors. The decision to provide a home apnea monitor should be individualized for each patient, depending on the effectiveness of treatment and clinical response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.