ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2003
Evidence for defective retinoid transport and function in late onset Alzheimer's disease.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- Supplementation and Mitigating Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With or Without Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Drug repositioning for Alzheimer's disease.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2012Pooled it
- Influence of isotretinoin on hippocampal-based learning in human subjects.Psychopharmacology · 2012Trial
- Marine Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease: Biochemistry, Bioaccessibility/Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Health Effects.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening for Down Syndrome: A Review of Mass-Spectrometry-Based Approaches.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Interleukin-12 signaling drives Alzheimer's disease pathology through disrupting neuronal and oligodendrocyte homeostasis.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic alterations in APP/PS1 mice astrocytes lead to early postnatal axon initial segment structural changes.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Proteome-wide analysis identifies plasma immune regulators of amyloid-beta progression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- The Contribution of Hippocampal All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Deficiency to Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Overview of ATRA-Dependent Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Hippocampal Tissue.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Acute and Chronic Macrophage Differentiation Modulates TREM2 in a Personalized Alzheimer's Patient-Derived Assay.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
- The Influence of Acitretin on Brain Lipidomics in Adolescent Mice-Implications for Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatological Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cognitive Status and Nutritional Markers in a Sample of Institutionalized Elderly People.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Therapeutic insights elaborating the potential of retinoids in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- A master of all trades - linking retinoids to different signalling pathways through the multi-purpose receptor STRA6.Cell death discovery · 2021Review
- Biological Significance of the Protein Changes Occurring in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Getting Clues from Proteomic Studies.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Expression of tiRNA and tRF inAnnals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hypothesis of this article is that late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is influenced by the availability in brain of retinoic acid (RA), the final product of the vitamin A (retinoid) metabolic cascade. Genetic, metabolic, and environmental/dietary evidence is cited supporting this hypothesis. Significant genetic linkages to AD are demonstrated for markers close to four of the six RA receptors, RA receptor G at 12q13, retinoid X receptor B at 6p21.3, retinoid X receptor G at 1q21, and RA receptor A at 17q21. Three of the four retinol-binding proteins at 3q23 and 10q23 and the RA-degrading cytochrome P450 enzymes at 10q23 and 2p13 map to AD linkages. Synthesis of the evidence supports retinoid hypofunction and impaired transport as contributing factors. These findings suggest testable experiments to determine whether increasing the availability of retinoid in brain, possibly through pharmacologic targeting of the RA receptors and the cytochrome P450 RA-inactivating enzymes, can prevent or decrease amyloid plaque formation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.