ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2003
High variability of plasma drug concentrations in dual protease inhibitor regimens.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and pharmacokinetic data support once-daily low-dose boosted saquinavir (1,200 milligrams saquinavir with 100 milligrams ritonavir) in treatment-naive or limited protease inhibitor-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2007Trial
- High variability of indinavir and nelfinavir pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients with a sustained virological response on highly active antiretroviral therapy.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2005Trial
- Enhancing Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage with Small-Molecule Activators of MTH1.ACS chemical biology · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of a New LC-MS/MS Analytical Method for Direct-Acting Antivirals and Its Application in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Lopinavir-Ritonavir Administered with First- and Second-Line Antituberculosis Drugs in HIV-Infected Children Treated for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Observational
- Pharmacokinetics of Saquinavir Mesylate from Oral Self-Emulsifying Lipid-Based Delivery Systems.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2017Article
- Biomarkers and biometric measures of adherence to use of ARV-based vaginal rings.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Review
- Clinical evaluation of a dried blood spot assay for atazanavir.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Article
- Effects of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and the drug transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) and MRP2 (ABCC2) on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir.British journal of pharmacology · 2010Article
- Antiretroviral therapeutic drug monitoring in Canada: current status and recommendations for clinical practice.The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy · 2009Article
- Lopinavir impairs protein synthesis and induces eEF2 phosphorylation via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2008Article
- Variability in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors concentrations among HIV-infected adults in routine clinical practice.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2007Article
- Steady-state pharmacokinetics of atazanavir given alone or in combination with saquinavir hard-gel capsules or amprenavir in HIV-1-infected patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2005Article
- Development and validation of a population pharmacokinetic model for ritonavir used as a booster or as an antiviral agent in HIV-1-infected patients.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2005Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ritonavir (RTV) strongly increases the concentrations of protease inhibitors (PIs) in plasma in patients given a combination of RTV and another PI. This pharmacological interaction is complex and poorly characterized and shows marked inter- and intraindividual variations. In addition, RTV interacts differently with saquinavir (SQV), indinavir (IDV), amprenavir (APV), and lopinavir (LPV). In this retrospective study on 542 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, we compared inter- and intraindividual variability of plasma PI concentrations and correlations between the C(min) (minimum concentration of drug in plasma) values for RTV and the coadministered PI C(min) values. Mean RTV C(min)s are significantly lower in patients receiving combinations containing APV or LPV than in combinations with SQV or IDV. With the most common PI dose regimens (600 mg of IDV twice a day [BID], 800 mg of SQV BID, and 400 mg of LPV BID), the interindividual C(min) variability of patients treated with a PI and RTV seemed to be lower with APV and LPV than with IDV and SQV. As regards intraindividual variability, APV also differed from the other PIs, exhibiting lower C(min) variability than with the other combinations. Significant positive correlations between RTV C(min) and boosted PI C(min) were observed with IDV, SQV, and LPV, but not with APV. Individual dose adjustments must take into account the specificity the pharmacological interaction of each RTV/PI combination and the large inter- and intraindividual variability of plasma PI levels to avoid suboptimal plasma drug concentrations which may lead to treatment failure and too high concentrations which may induce toxicity and therefore reduce patient compliance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.