ArticleInfection and immunity2003
HilE interacts with HilD and negatively regulates hilA transcription and expression of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasive phenotype.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Review
- A Small RNA Derived From the 5' End of the IS200 tnpA Transcript Regulates Multiple Virulence Regulons in Salmonella typhimurium.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- OFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- SPI-1 virulence gene expression modulates motility of Salmonella Typhimurium in a proton motive force- and adhesins-dependent manner.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Construction of a constitutively active type III secretion system for heterologous protein secretion.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Functional Analysis of EspM, an ESX-1-Associated Transcription Factor in Mycobacterium marinum.Journal of bacteriology · 2022Article
- The expression of virulence genes increases membrane permeability and sensitivity to envelope stress in Salmonella Typhimurium.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- AraC-type regulators HilC and RtsA are directly controlled by an intestinal fatty acid to regulate Salmonella invasion.Molecular microbiology · 2021Article
- An incoherent feedforward loop formed by SirA/BarA, HilE and HilD is involved in controlling the growth cost of virulence factor expression by Salmonella Typhimurium.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- HilE is required for synergistic activation of SPI-1 gene expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- A diffusible signal factor of the intestine dictates Salmonella invasion through its direct control of the virulence activator HilD.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- HilD, HilC, and RtsA Form Homodimers and Heterodimers To Regulate Expression of theJournal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- PhoP-Mediated Repression of the SPI1 Type 3 Secretion System in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Article
- Oxygen-dependent regulation of SPI1 type three secretion system by small RNAs in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Molecular microbiology · 2019Article
- Review
- Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Increases Functional PD-L1 Synergistically with Gamma Interferon in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- The Hcp-like protein HilE inhibits homodimerization and DNA binding of the virulence-associated transcriptional regulator HilD inThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- HilE Regulates HilD by Blocking DNA Binding in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.Journal of bacteriology · 2018Article
- Controlled Activity of themBio · 2017Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to traverse the intestinal mucosa of a host is an important step in its ability to initiate gastrointestinal disease. The majority of the genes required for this invasive characteristic are encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), and their expression is controlled by the transcriptional activator HilA, a member of the OmpR/ToxR family of proteins. A variety of genes (hilC, hilD, fis, sirA/barA, csrAB, phoB, fadD, envZ/ompR, fliZ, hilE, ams, lon, pag, and hha) have been identified that exert positive or negative effects on hilA expression, although the mechanisms by which these gene products function remain relatively unclear. Recent work indicates that the small DNA-binding protein, Hha, has a significant role in repressing hilA transcription and the invasive phenotype, particularly in response to osmolarity signals. We have characterized the Salmonella-specific gene, hilE, and found that it plays an important regulatory role in hilA transcription and invasion gene expression. Mutation of hilE causes derepression of hilA transcription, and overexpression of hilE superrepresses hilA expression and the invasive phenotype. Bacterial two-hybrid experiments indicate that the HilE protein interacts with HilD, suggesting a possible mechanism for HilE negative regulation of hilA gene expression and the Salmonella invasive phenotype. Finally, we have found that the hilE gene resides on a region of the serovar Typhimurium chromosome that has many characteristics of a pathogenicity island.
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