ArticleJournal of virology2003
Dimerization and template switching in the 5' untranslated region between various subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Article in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of RNA structural plasticity in modulating HIV-1 genome packaging and translation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Effect of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta-associated G15U mutation on the s2m element dimerization and its interactions with miR-1307-3p.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Stability and conformation of the dimeric HIV-1 genomic RNA 5'UTR.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- Genetic variability of the U5 and downstream sequence of major HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Structural basis of genomic RNA (gRNA) dimerization and packaging determinants of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV).Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Identifying recombination hot spots in the HIV-1 genome.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Estimating the rate of intersubtype recombination in early HIV-1 group M strains.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Article
- The remarkable frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genetic recombination.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2009Review
- RNA dimerization promotes PKR dimerization and activation.Journal of molecular biology · 2009Article
- High-throughput SHAPE analysis reveals structures in HIV-1 genomic RNA strongly conserved across distinct biological states.PLoS biology · 2008Article
- Primary T-lymphocytes rescue the replication of HIV-1 DIS RNA mutants in part by facilitating reverse transcription.Nucleic acids research · 2008Article
- In vitro dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) spliced RNAs.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2007Article
- Efficient inhibition of HIV-1 expression by LNA modified antisense oligonucleotides and DNAzymes targeted to functionally selected binding sites.Retrovirology · 2007Article
- 5'-proximal hot spot for an inducible positive-to-negative-strand template switch by coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Circularization of the HIV-1 RNA genome.Nucleic acids research · 2007Article
- Influence of sequence identity and unique breakpoints on the frequency of intersubtype HIV-1 recombination.Retrovirology · 2006Article
- Pausing during reverse transcription increases the rate of retroviral recombination.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Is HIV-1 RNA dimerization a prerequisite for packaging? Yes, no, probably?Retrovirology · 2004Review
- The retroviral RNA dimer linkage: different structures may reflect different roles.Retrovirology · 2004Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle contains two identical RNA strands, each corresponding to the entire genome. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of each RNA strand contains extensive secondary and tertiary structures that are instrumental in different steps of the viral replication cycle. We have characterized the 5' UTRs of nine different HIV-1 isolates representing subtypes A through G and, by comparing their homodimerization and heterodimerization potentials, found that complementarity between the palindromic sequences in the dimerization initiation site (DIS) hairpins is necessary and sufficient for in vitro dimerization of two subtype RNAs. The 5' UTR sequences were used to design donor and acceptor templates for a coupled in vitro dimerization-reverse transcription assay. We showed that template switching during reverse transcription is increased with a matching DIS palindrome and further stimulated proportional to the level of homology between the templates. The presence of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein NCp7 increased the template-switching efficiency for matching DIS palindromes twofold, whereas the recombination efficiency was increased sevenfold with a nonmatching palindrome. Since NCp7 did not effect the dimerization of nonmatching palindromes, we concluded that the protein most likely stimulates the strand transfer reaction. An analysis of the distribution of template-switching events revealed that it occurs throughout the 5' UTR. Together, these results demonstrate that the template switching of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase occurs frequently in vitro and that this process is facilitated mainly by template proximity and the level of homology.
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