ArticleNucleic acids research2003
Beta-globin locus control region HS2 and HS3 interact structurally and functionally.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Patterns of regulatory activity across diverse human cell types predict tissue identity, transcription factor binding, and long-range interactions.Genome research · 2013Article
- LCR 5' hypersensitive site specificity for globin gene activation within the active chromatin hub.Nucleic acids research · 2012Article
- Article
- Modular insulators: genome wide search for composite CTCF/thyroid hormone receptor binding sites.PloS one · 2010Article
- Expression of green fluorescent protein under the regulation of human locus control region elements HS2 and HS3 in transgenic mice.International journal of hematology · 2008Article
- Erythroid-specific expression of beta-globin by the sleeping beauty transposon for Sickle cell disease.Biochemistry · 2007Article
- Article
- Transcription factor binding and induced transcription alter chromosomal c-myc replicator activity.Molecular and cellular biology · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The overall structure of the DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs) that comprise the beta-globin locus control region (LCR) is highly conserved among mammals, implying that the HSs have conserved functions. However, it is not well understood how the LCR HSs, either individually or collectively, activate transcription. We analyzed the interactions of HS2, HS3 and HS4 with the human epsilon- and beta-globin genes in chromatinized episomes in fetal/embryonic K562 cells. Only HS2 activates transcription of the epsilon-globin gene, while all three HSs activate the beta-globin gene. HS3 stimulates the beta-globin gene constitutively, but HS2 and HS4 transactivation requires expression of the transcription factor EKLF, which is not present in K562 cells but is required for beta-globin expression in vivo. To begin addressing how the individual HSs may interact with one another in a complex, we linked the beta-globin gene to both the HS2 and HS3. HS2 and HS3 together resulted in synergistic stimulation of beta-globin transcription. Unexpectedly, mutated, inactive forms of HS2 impeded the activation of the beta-globin gene by HS3. Thus, there appear to be distinct interactions among the HSs and between the HSs and the globin genes. These preferential, non-exclusive interactions may underlie an important structural and functional cooperativity among the regulatory sequences of the beta-globin locus in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.