ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2003
The extent to which breakfast covers the morning energy expenditure of adolescents with varying levels of physical activity.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical fitness status and influencing factors among college students aged 19 ~ 22 in Shandong province, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Current situation and factors influencing physical fitness among adolescents aged 12 ∼ 15 in Shandong Province, China: A cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Trajectories of self-reported physical activity and predictors during the transition to old age: a 20-year cohort study of British men.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2018Article
- Breakfast consumption and daily physical activity in 9-10-year-old British children.Public health nutrition · 2013Article
- Associations between habitual school-day breakfast consumption, body mass index, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in English schoolchildren.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2010Article
- Irregular breakfast eating and health status among adolescents in Taiwan.BMC public health · 2006Article
- Relationship between habitual breakfast and intellectual performance (logical reasoning) in well-nourished schoolchildren of Madrid (Spain).European journal of clinical nutrition · 2003Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEnergy intake at breakfast affects the performance of creativity tests, memory recall and voluntary physical endurance in children before lunch, and food craving during the whole day.
objectivesTo assess the adequacy of breakfast energy supply (BES) and energy expenditure (EE) in adolescents during a schoolday without or with 2 h of physical education lesson (PEL) in the morning.
designSixty adolescents (four groups of 14-16 boys and girls aged 12-16 y) participated in a cross-sectional study. Activity patterns and EE were determined by whole-body calorimetry during 36 h and in free-living conditions during 5 days using both a diary and the validated heart rate recording method. BES was determined by weighing individual foods. The pyloric energy flow was assessed using a model of fractional stomach emptying.
resultsBES averaged 24.9% (s.d.=6.1) of daily EE in the four groups of subjects. It covered the mean morning EE on a schoolday without PEL, but not in a schoolday with 2 h of PEL in any group. When PEL took place from 8-10 am the cumulative EE exceeded the cumulative pyloric energy flow after 105-150 min, that is during the PEL session, and the energy deficit increased until lunch. With a light breakfast (BES-1 s.d.) energy deficiency happened after 90 min.
conclusionThe results stress the need for a heavy breakfast for children and adolescents on the days with PEL in the morning, and a carbohydrate rich snack at 10 am to improve attention, memory and willing participation in physical activities.
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