ArticleGenome research2003
Complex events in the evolution of the human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2).
Article in Genome research, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-homologous sequence interactions during meiosis: meiotic challenges and evolutionary opportunities.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2025Review
- Eighty million years of rapid evolution of the primate Y chromosome.Nature ecology & evolution · 2023Article
- Genomic and demographic processes differentially influence genetic variation across the human X chromosome.PloS one · 2023Article
- Genetics and Epigenetics of the X and Y Chromosomes in the Sexual Differentiation of the Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Estimating bonobo (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of the human pseudoautosomal regions.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- Pseudoautosomal Region 1 Overdosage Affects the Global Transcriptome in iPSCs From Patients With Klinefelter Syndrome and High-Grade X Chromosome Aneuploidies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- X-chromosome regulation and sex differences in brain anatomy.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Human Spermatogenesis Tolerates Massive Size Reduction of the Pseudoautosomal Region.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Reference genome and transcriptome informed by the sex chromosome complement of the sample increase ability to detect sex differences in gene expression from RNA-Seq data.Biology of sex differences · 2020Article
- Instability of the Pseudoautosomal Boundary in House Mice.Genetics · 2019Article
- Escape From X-Chromosome Inactivation: An Evolutionary Perspective.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Review
- Genetics of the human Y chromosome and its association with male infertility.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2018Review
- Genetic Diversity on the Human X Chromosome Does Not Support a Strict Pseudoautosomal Boundary.Genetics · 2016Article
- Human active X-specific DNA methylation events showing stability across time and tissues.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2014Article
- Pseudoautosomal region 1 length polymorphism in the human population.PLoS genetics · 2014Article
- Genetics of dioecy and causal sex chromosomes in plants.Journal of genetics · 2014Review
- Expansion of the pseudo-autosomal region and ongoing recombination suppression in the Silene latifolia sex chromosomes.Genetics · 2013Article
- Detecting evolutionary strata on the human x chromosome in the absence of gametologous y-linked sequences.Genome biology and evolution · 2013Article
- The contribution of female meiotic drive to the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The 320-kb human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) at the tips of the long arms of the X and Y chromosomes is thought to have been duplicated onto the Y chromosome recently in primate evolution. The four genes within PAR2 have been proposed to constitute two zones with different base ratios and transcription, one of which was added recently to the X chromosome. To test this hypothesis, we cloned and mapped PAR2 genes in other species, the lemur, the cat, and a marsupial, the tammar wallaby. None of the human PAR2 genes colocalized with human PAR1 genes in the marsupial genome, confirming that the human PAR1 and PAR2 evolved independently. Of the four PAR2 genes, only SYBL1 was located on the X chromosome in all species, including marsupials, so it was part of the ancient X. HSPRY3 localized to the X in all the eutherians, but not marsupial, so it must have been added to the X 80-130 million years ago. CXYorf1 was present on the X in primates and also in mouse, but autosomal in wallaby, suggesting a later addition 70-130 million years ago, and IL9R was on the X only in primate, suggesting addition 60-70 million years ago. The results therefore demonstrate that at least two independent additions were necessary for PAR2 evolution. The present gene order on the human X also requires two inversions. The complicated evolutionary pathway supports the hypothesis that terminal interchromosomal rearrangements are common in regions unpaired at meiosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.