ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2003
Monocyte-derived cytokines in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Impact of Dietary Sodium on Autoimmunity and Inflammation Related to Multiple Sclerosis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Review
- Pro-Inflammatory Molecules Implicated in Multiple Sclerosis Divert the Development of Human Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Immune mechanisms and shared immune targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis: From cellular surrogates to pathogenic mediators and beyond.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2023Review
- The influence ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Morphine-mediated release of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle miR-23a induces loss of pericyte coverage at the blood-brain barrier: Implications for neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Integrative multiomics analysis highlights immune-cell regulatory mechanisms and shared genetic architecture for 14 immune-associated diseases and cancer outcomes.American journal of human genetics · 2021Article
- Common Peripheral Immunity Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Cocaine-induced release of CXCL10 from pericytes regulates monocyte transmigration into the CNS.The Journal of cell biology · 2019Article
- Increased frequency of IL-6-producing non-classical monocytes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2017Article
- Neuroinflammatory signals enhance the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties of multipotent adult progenitor cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2015Article
- Seeking balance: Potentiation and inhibition of multiple sclerosis autoimmune responses by IL-6 and IL-10.Cytokine · 2015Review
- Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in immune cells.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2015Article
- Relation between pro-inflammatory cytokines and acetylcholine levels in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2012Article
- Long-range DNA looping and gene expression analyses identify DEXI as an autoimmune disease candidate gene.Human molecular genetics · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
MS is an inflammatory, presumably autoimmune, disease mediated by the activation of T cells, B cells and monocytes (MO). Inflammation is thought to occur early during the relapsing-remitting phase of MS (RRMS), whereas in the later phases of MS such as secondary progressive MS (SPMS), inflammation tends to diminish. Our objective was to compare the types and amounts of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines produced by MO from relapsing-remitting patients with or without treatment with IFN-beta (RRMS+ therapy, RRMS- therapy), respectively, from secondary progressive patients (SPMS) and from healthy controls (HC). MO were isolated by a density-gradient technique and three different techniques (RNase protection assay, ELISA and intracellular cytokine staining) were used to assess cytokine levels. An increase in IL6, IL12 and TNF-alpha was observed by all three methods for RRMS- therapy and for SPMS patients compared to HC and RRMS+ therapy patients. We conclude that proinflammatory and regulatory monokines can be derived from MO of MS patients and that these levels are modulated by IFN-beta therapy. Although it is believed that inflammation tends to diminish in SPMS patients, our data show that inflammatory cytokines continue to be released at high levels, suggesting that IFN-beta or IL10 treatment may be beneficial for this group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.