ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2003
DNA methylation maintains allele-specific KIR gene expression in human natural killer cells.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Identification of elements determiningiScience · 2026Article
- Gene Regulatory Programs of NK Cells Show That NCAM1 (CD56) and KIRs Are Controlled by Genetically Polymorphic Distal Regulatory Elements.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation in transplant rejection and tolerance: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.MedComm · 2025Review
- DNMT1 silencing induces KIR2DL1/2/3 expression via methylation to alleviate graft-Histology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Polygenic polymorphism is associated with NKG2A repertoire and influences lymphocyte phenotype and function.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Immune-related gene methylation prognostic instrument for stratification and targeted treatment of ovarian cancer patients toward advanced 3PM approach.The EPMA journal · 2024Article
- Epigenetics Meets CAR-T-Cell Therapy to Fight Cancer.Cancers · 2024Article
- The KIR2DL1 intermediate upstream element participates in gene activation.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- KIR3DL2 may represent a novel therapeutic target in aggressive systemic peripheral T-cell lymphoma.Haematologica · 2023Article
- Polymorphic KIR3DL3 expression modulates tissue-resident and innate-like T cells.Science immunology · 2023Article
- Effects of epigenetic therapy on natural killer cell function and development in hematologic malignancy.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2023Review
- Epigenetic remodeling of the immune landscape in cancer: therapeutic hurdles and opportunities.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Nature and nurture: understanding phenotypic variation in inborn errors of immunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Consistent DNA Hypomethylations in Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Phyloepigenetics.Biology · 2022Article
- Identification and Targeting of the Developmental Blockade in Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma.Blood cancer discovery · 2022Article
- Low-Dose 5-Aza and DZnep Alleviate Acute Graft-Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Challenges and Recent Advances in NK Cell-Targeted Immunotherapies in Solid Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) bind self-major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, allowing natural killer (NK) cells to recognize aberrant cells that have down-regulated class I. NK cells express variable numbers and combinations of highly homologous clonally restricted KIR genes, but uniformly express KIR2DL4. We show that NK clones express both 2DL4 alleles and either one or both alleles of the clonally restricted KIR 3DL1 and 3DL2 genes. Despite allele-independent expression, 3DL1 alleles differed in the core promoter by only one or two nucleotides. Allele-specific 3DL1 gene expression correlated with promoter and 5' gene DNA hypomethylation in NK cells in vitro and in vivo. The DNA methylase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, induced KIR DNA hypomethylation and heterogeneous expression of multiple KIR genes. Thus, NK cells use DNA methylation to maintain clonally restricted expression of highly homologous KIR genes and alleles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.