ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2003
Prolactin modulates the naive B cell repertoire.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating prolactin levels and the effect of dopaminergic agonists in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Menstrual and reproductive factors, and hormonal contraception use: associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a pooled analysis of InterLymph case-control studies.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2012Pooled it
- Prolactin as an immuno-neuroendocrine integrator: linking immune homeostasis, hematopoietic dynamics and iron metabolism.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Knockdown of the long isoform of the prolactin receptor selectively targets pathogenic immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and averts glomerular pathology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prolactin-Linked Plasma Cell-Macrophage Immune Phenotype in Synchronous Bilateral Plasma Cell Mastitis: A Two-Center Prediction Study with Tissue Correspondence.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- B lymphoproliferative diseases: Effective treatment, inhibited progression, and potential cures through isoform-specific targeting of the prolactin receptor.Vitamins and hormones · 2025Review
- Prolactin: A Key Immunoregulator in Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of endocrinology · 2025Review
- Hormones and B-cell development in health and autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Circulating prolactin level in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and its correlation with disease activity: a case control study.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2023Article
- A quinazoline derivative suppresses B cell hyper-activation and ameliorates the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus in mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Using the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred Mice in Immunology.Current protocols · 2022Article
- The effect of prolactin on immune cell subsets involved in SLE pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The expansion of activated naive DNA autoreactive B cells and its association with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Article
- Sex Hormones and Gender Influence the Expression of Markers of Regulatory T Cells in SLE Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Interferon Genes Are Influenced by 17β-Estradiol in SLE.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Contributions of Major Cell Populations to Sjögren's Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Prolactin Acts on Myeloid Progenitors to Modulate SMAD7 Expression and Enhance Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation into the NK Cell Lineage.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Association Between BDNF Gene Variant Rs6265 and the Severity of Depression in Antidepressant Treatment-Free Depressed Patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that is critical in lactation. Prolactin can also be produced by lymphocytes, and both B and T cells express prolactin receptors. These findings have suggested that prolactin has immunomodulatory functions. Studies in spontaneously autoimmune hosts have demonstrated a role for prolactin in augmenting autoreactivity. We chose to analyze prolactin effects on anti-DNA B cells in nonspontaneously autoimmune female BALB/c mice transgenic for the heavy chain of an anti-DNA antibody. Treatment with prolactin for 4 weeks induced a lupus-like phenotype with an increased number of transgene-expressing B cells, elevated serum anti-DNA antibody titers, and glomerular immunoglobulin deposits. Prolactin caused a decrease in the population of transitional B cells and an increase in mature follicular and marginal zone B cells. The DNA-reactive B cells had a follicular cell phenotype. Anti-DNA hybridomas demonstrated that prolactin alters selection of the naive B cell repertoire. The expansion and activation of anti-DNA B cells in prolactin-treated R4A-gamma2b BALB/c mice was dependent on the presence of CD4(+) T cells. Finally, treatment with prolactin was unable to break tolerance in R4A-gamma2b transgenic C57Bl/6 mice, suggesting that responsiveness of the immune system to prolactin is genetically determined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.