ArticleCurrent treatment options in neurology2003
Stiff-person Syndrome.
Article in Current treatment options in neurology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with anti-GAD antibody-associated neurological diseases and patients with inflammatory myopathies: effects on clinicopathological features and immunoregulatory genes.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2005Trial
- The role of IVIg in the treatment of patients with stiff person syndrome and other neurological diseases associated with anti-GAD antibodies.Journal of neurology · 2005Trial
- Stiff-Leg Syndrome Associated with Autoimmune Retinopathy and Its Treatment with IVIg-A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Therapies in Stiff-Person Syndrome: Advances and Future Prospects Based on Disease Pathophysiology.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Review
- Stiff-person Syndrome and GAD Antibody-spectrum Disorders: GABAergic Neuronal Excitability, Immunopathogenesis and Update on Antibody Therapies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Rituximab Treatment and Long-term Outcome of Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis: Real-world Evidence From the GENERATE Registry.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- GAD antibody-spectrum disorders: progress in clinical phenotypes, immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2021Review
- Autoimmune stiff person syndrome and related myelopathies: understanding of electrophysiological and immunological processes.Muscle & nerve · 2012Review
- Cognitive decline in a patient with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoimmunity; case report.BMC neurology · 2011Article
- Movement disorders in paraneoplastic and autoimmune disease.Current opinion in neurology · 2011Review
- Stiff person syndrome: advances in pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.Current treatment options in neurology · 2009Article
- Levetiracetam in stiff-person syndrome.Journal of neurology · 2008Article
- Advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of patients with stiff person syndrome.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2008Review
- Role of IVIg in autoimmune, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system: present and future prospects.Journal of neurology · 2006Review
- Current therapies for neuromuscular manifestations of paraneoplastic syndromes.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2006Article
- Pharmacological and biochemical aspects of GABAergic neurotransmission: pathological and neuropsychobiological relationships.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2004Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a progressive neurologic disorder characterized by 1) stiffness that is prominent in axial muscles, with co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles; 2) sudden episodic spasms; and 3) absence of another disease that causes similar symptoms. The diagnosis of SPS is based on clinical grounds and requires a high degree of suspicion. The diagnosis is, however, aided by electromyography, which demonstrates motor unit firing at rest simultaneously from the agonist and antagonist muscles, and by high serum titers of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter. The reduced GABA level in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid explains the patients' stiffness and justifies the clinical improvement observed by drugs enhancing GABAergic transmission. The association of SPS with other autoimmune disorders or autoantibodies, the intrathecal GAD-specific immunoglobulin G antibody synthesis, and the suppression of GABA by the patient's antibodies supports the autoimmune nature of SPS and justifies the use of immunotherapies. At present, GABA-enhancing agents, such as benzodiazepines, valproate, vigabatrin, tiagabine, gabapentin, and baclofen, provide symptomatic relief. Plasmapheresis, steroids, and periodic intravenous immunoglobulin infusions provide additional and lasting benefit. In this article, the treatment options for patients with SPS are discussed based on the authors' experience and that of others. The beneficial effects from the first controlled study conducted in SPS using intravenous immunoglobulin are presented.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.