ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2003
Flexibility and molecular recognition in the immune system.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody Polyreactivity: A Challenger of Immune Paradigms.Immunology · 2025Review
- Reconciling specificity and non-specificity in antibody binding: an energy landscape framework for immunology education.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Investigating and evaluating potential antigen binding sites for monoclonal anti-HER2 antibodies: The LightDock approach.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Identification of heparin-binding amino acid residues in antibody HS4C3 with the potential to design antibodies against heparan sulfate domains.Glycobiology · 2024Article
- Polyreactivity of antibodies from different B-cell subpopulations is determined by distinct sequence patterns of variable region.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Antigen binding by conformational selection in near-germline antibodies.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Local and Global Rigidification Upon Antibody Affinity Maturation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Structure and Dynamics of Stacking Interactions in an Antibody Binding Site.Biochemistry · 2019Article
- Breaking the law: unconventional strategies for antibody diversification.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2019Review
- Conformational Plasticity in Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies Triggers Polyreactivity.Cell reports · 2018Article
- Repertoire Analysis of Antibody CDR-H3 Loops Suggests Affinity Maturation Does Not Typically Result in Rigidification.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Development of a Preventive HIV Vaccine Requires Solving Inverse Problems Which Is Unattainable by Rational Vaccine Design.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Structure-Based Reverse Vaccinology Failed in the Case of HIV Because it Disregarded Accepted Immunological Theory.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Structural analysis of the unmutated ancestor of the HIV-1 envelope V2 region antibody CH58 isolated from an RV144 vaccine efficacy trial vaccinee.EBioMedicine · 2015Article
- Thermodynamic mechanism for the evasion of antibody neutralization in flaviviruses.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2014Article
- Discriminating binding mechanisms of an intrinsically disordered protein via a multi-state coarse-grained model.The Journal of chemical physics · 2014Article
- Human germline antibody gene segments encode polyspecific antibodies.PLoS computational biology · 2013Article
- Computer-aided antibody design.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2012Review
- Protein dynamics and the diversity of an antibody response.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Photon echo spectroscopy has been used to measure the response of three antibody-binding sites to perturbation from electronic excitation of a bound antigen, fluorescein. The three antibodies show motions that range in time scale from tens of femtoseconds to nanoseconds. Relative to the others, one antibody, 4-4-20, possesses a rigid binding site that likely results from a short and inflexible heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3) loop and a critical Tyr that acts as a "molecular splint," rigidifying the antigen across its most flexible internal degree of freedom. The remaining two antibodies, 34F10 and 40G4, despite being generated against the same antigen, possess binding sites that are considerably more flexible. The more flexible combining sites likely result from longer HCDR3 loops and a deletion in the light chain complementarity-determining region 1 (LCDR1) that removes the critical Tyr residue. The binding site flexibilities may result in varying mechanisms of antigen recognition including lock-and-key, induced-fit, and conformational selection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.