ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2002
HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase and protease genotypes in Zimbabwean patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Major protease inhibitor drug resistance mutations among patients with virological failure on second-line antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Drug resistance mutations in protease gene of HIV-1 subtype C infected patient population.Virusdisease · 2021Article
- Article
- Comparing Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell DNA and Circulating Plasma viral RNA pol Genotypes of Subtype C HIV-1.Journal of AIDS & clinical research · 2012Article
- Reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 subtype C infected patients on ART in Karonga District, Malawi.AIDS research and therapy · 2011Article
- Suboptimal adherence associated with virological failure and resistance mutations to first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Bangalore, India.International health · 2011Article
- One-, two-, and three-class resistance among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in private care clinics: Mumbai, India.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2010Article
- Genotypic HIV type-1 drug resistance among patients with immunological failure to first-line antiretroviral therapy in south India.Antiviral therapy · 2009Article
- Envelope coreceptor tropism, drug resistance, and viral evolution among subtype C HIV-1-infected individuals receiving nonsuppressive antiretroviral therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2009Article
- HIV type-1 clade C resistance genotypes in treatment-naive patients and after first virological failure in a large community antiretroviral therapy programme.Antiviral therapy · 2009Article
- Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance after failure of a first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2008Article
- Prevalence and pattern of drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral-treated HIV-1 patients with suboptimal virological response in Malaysia.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2006Article
- Nucleotide and amino acid polymorphisms at drug resistance sites in non-B-subtype variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2004Article
- Characterization of a subtype D human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate that was obtained from an untreated individual and that is highly resistant to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- High frequency of syncytium-inducing and CXCR4-tropic viruses among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment.Journal of virology · 2003Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 drug resistance mutations have been identified and characterized mostly in subtype B HIV-1 infection. The extent to which antiretroviral drugs select for drug resistance mutations in non-subtype B HIV-1 is not known. We obtained HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease sequences from 21 Zimbabwean patients failing antiretroviral drug therapy. We compared these sequences with 56 published RT and protease subtype C sequences from untreated patients, 990 RT and 1140 protease subtype B sequences from treated patients, and 340 RT and 907 protease subtype B sequences from untreated patients and identified four mutation categories of subtype C HIV-1. Seventeen of the 21 patients (81%) had known drug resistance mutations. Mutations at 15 RT and 11 protease positions were more common in subtype C isolates than in subtype B isolates. HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy develop many of the known subtype B drug resistance mutations. Comparison of subtype C RT and protease sequences with a large database of subtype B sequences identified subtype C-specific polymorphisms and candidate drug resistance mutations.
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