ReviewThorax2003
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . 6: The aetiology of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Review in Thorax, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- 2-Day versus C-reactive protein guided antibiotherapy with levofloxacin in acute COPD exacerbation: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Use of serology and polymerase chain reaction to detect atypical respiratory pathogens during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Clinical and socioeconomic parameters as predictors for longer hospital stay and mortality in COPD.Chronic respiratory diseaseTrial
- Prediction Score ofInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Longitudinal multi-omics evidence reveals lung injury and concurrent disruption of intestinal flora and serum metabolism by cigarette smoke and influenza virus.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Admission and outcomes of COVID-19 among chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2025Article
- Phenotypes of Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Is Associated with Current Smoking Status and History of Exacerbation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on COPD exacerbations in Japanese patients: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in COPD.Respiratory care · 2023Article
- Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia and Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in the Choice of Antibiotic and/or Steroid in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Thoracic research and practice · 2023Article
- Article
- Early antibiotic therapy is associated with a lower probability of successful liberation from mechanical ventilation in patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Annals of intensive care · 2022Article
- Article
- Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea: A National Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effect of Macrolide Antibiotics on In-Hospital Mortality Among Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exacerbations of COPD are thought to be caused by interactions between host factors, bacteria, viruses, and changes in air quality to produce increased inflammation in the lower airway. The evidence for this and the potential mechanisms by which they result in the characteristic symptoms of exacerbations is reviewed. A better understanding of the causes and processes is needed for the appropriate use of existing treatments and the development of new ones. Future studies need to define populations clearly, stratify for known confounding factors, and should aim to identify clinical correlates so that clinical practice can be modified appropriately.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.