ArticleJournal of virology2003
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid zn(2+) fingers are required for efficient reverse transcription, initial integration processes, and protection of newly synthesized viral DNA.
Article in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV Genome-Wide Protein Associations: a Review of 30 Years of Research.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Pooled it
- Non-integrase mechanisms for dolutegravir resistance.Retrovirology · 2026Review
- Sulfanylbenzamides with Unique Side Chains to Improve Metabolic Stability, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-HIV Activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Elucidating the mechanism by which HIV-1 nucleocapsid mutations confer resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors.Science advances · 2025Article
- Elucidating the Mechanism by Which HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Mutations Confer Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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- Translation of HIV-1 unspliced RNA is regulated by 5' untranslated region structure.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Prodrug Strategy Extends the Use of Anti-HIV Sulfanylbenzamides for ApplicationACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Exploring the potential function of trace elements in human health: a therapeutic perspective.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Formation of nuclear CPSF6/CPSF5 biomolecular condensates upon HIV-1 entry into the nucleus is important for productive infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Adaptation of HIV-1/HIV-2 Chimeras with Defects in Genome Packaging and Viral Replication.mBio · 2022Article
- Review
- Visualizing the translation and packaging of HIV-1 full-length RNA.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
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- Preclinical evaluation of a mercaptobenzamide and its prodrug for NCp7-targeted inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus.Antiviral research · 2016Article
- Structural and biochemical characterization of an RNA/DNA binding motif in the N-terminal domain of RecQ4 helicases.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Analysis of HIV-1 Gag protein interactions via biotin ligase tagging.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Reverse Transcription of Retroviruses and LTR Retrotransposons.Microbiology spectrum · 2015Review
- The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein recruits negatively charged lipids to ensure its optimal binding to lipid membranes.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Nucleocapsid Protein: A Desirable Target for Future Therapies Against HIV-1.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2015Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) containing mutations in the nucleocapsid (NC) Zn(2+) finger domains have greatly reduced infectivity, even though genome packaging is largely unaffected in certain cases. To examine replication defects, viral DNA (vDNA) was isolated from cells infected with viruses containing His-to-Cys changes in their Zn(2+) fingers (NC(H23C) and NC(H44C)), an integrase mutant (IN(D116N)), a double mutant (NC(H23C)/IN(D116N)), or wild-type HIV-1. In vitro assays have established potential roles for NC in reverse transcription and integration. In vivo results for these processes were obtained by quantitative PCR, cloning of PCR products, and comparison of the quantity and composition of vDNA generated at discrete points during reverse transcription. Quantitative analysis of the reverse transcription intermediates for these species strongly suggests decreased stability of the DNA produced. Both Zn(2+) finger mutants appear to be defective in DNA synthesis, with the minus- and plus-strand transfer processes being affected while interior portions of the vDNA remain more intact. Sequences obtained from PCR amplification and cloning of 2-LTR circle junction fragments revealed that the NC mutants had a phenotype similar to the IN mutant; removal of the terminal CA dinucleotides necessary for integration of the vDNA is disabled by the NC mutations. Thus, the loss of infectivity in these NC mutants in vivo appears to result from defective reverse transcription and integration processes stemming from decreased protection of the full-length vDNA. Finally, these results indicate that the chaperone activity of NC extends from the management of viral RNA through to the full-length vDNA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.