ArticleDiabetes2003
Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,718 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a Quadruple Therapy on Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Mixed Prediabetes and Obesity: Randomized Clinical Trial
A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass in Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose or Early Type 2 Diabetes
Effects of Caloric Restriction Alone Versus Postoperative Caloric Restriction Following Bariatric Surgery on Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Dietary Oxysterols and β-Cell Function Among African Americans
Who cites it
1,718 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,966 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mind-body exercise for improving balance, aerobic capacity, walking ability, muscle strength, and mental health in patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal dosage of exercise combined with intermittent fasting for body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Time-Efficacy Relationship of Semaglutide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Model-Based Meta-Analysis.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of short-term tofogliflozin treatment on the insulin secretory capacity of people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial, the TOP-ELM study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Trial
- Effects of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on β-Cell Response in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- AS160 Overexpression Protects Against β-Cell Failure in Hyperglycemic Mice by Interacting With HSPA8 to Regulate Mitophagy.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Adipose Tissue Palmitoylation Cycling Mediates Insulin Resistance and Preservation of β-Cell Function in Mice.Diabetes · 2026Article
- Harmine selectively enhances human beta cell identity markers and function via protein kinase A pathways.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- One Week Exposure to a Somatostatin Receptor 2 Antagonist (SSTR2a) Enhances Glucagon Counterregulation to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia and Does Not Worsen Glycemia in a Male Rat Model of Insulin-Requiring Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Quantification of beta-cell carrying capacity in prediabetes.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Activation of GScience advances · 2026Article
- Effects ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Exercise preserves β-cell function in type 2 diabetes by reshaping intra-islet macrophage-β-cell crosstalk.Life metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Recent advances in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Intracellular stress and dedifferentiation.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Diabetic β-Cell Apoptosis and Dedifferentiation by Delivering miR-4436.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Activating Transcription Factor 6α Governs Stress-Adaptive Pancreatic β-Cell Mass Expansion by Coordinating Proliferation and Survival.Diabetes · 2026Article
- SOX9: dosage- and context-dependent functions in pancreatic development and β-cell biology.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- The myokine irisin ameliorates the secretory dysfunction of pancreatic β cells in experimental and human type 2 diabetes.Science advances · 2026Article
- GO/APTES-mediated bifunctional CuFeRSC advances · 2026Article
1,658 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin secretion. Some but not all studies suggest that a decrease in beta-cell mass contributes to this. We examined pancreatic tissue from 124 autopsies: 91 obese cases (BMI >27 kg/m(2); 41 with type 2 diabetes, 15 with impaired fasting glucose [IFG], and 35 nondiabetic subjects) and 33 lean cases (BMI <25 kg/m(2); 16 type 2 diabetic and 17 nondiabetic subjects). We measured relative beta-cell volume, frequency of beta-cell apoptosis and replication, and new islet formation from exocrine ducts (neogenesis). Relative beta-cell volume was increased in obese versus lean nondiabetic cases (P = 0.05) through the mechanism of increased neogenesis (P < 0.05). Obese humans with IFG and type 2 diabetes had a 40% (P < 0.05) and 63% (P < 0.01) deficit and lean cases of type 2 diabetes had a 41% deficit (P < 0.05) in relative beta-cell volume compared with nondiabetic obese and lean cases, respectively. The frequency of beta-cell replication was very low in all cases and no different among groups. Neogenesis, while increased with obesity, was comparable in obese type 2 diabetic, IFG, or nondiabetic subjects and in lean type 2 diabetic or nondiabetic subjects. However, the frequency of beta-cell apoptosis was increased 10-fold in lean and 3-fold in obese cases of type 2 diabetes compared with their respective nondiabetic control group (P < 0.05). We conclude that beta-cell mass is decreased in type 2 diabetes and that the mechanism underlying this is increased beta-cell apoptosis. Since the major defect leading to a decrease in beta-cell mass in type 2 diabetes is increased apoptosis, while new islet formation and beta-cell replication are normal, therapeutic approaches designed to arrest apoptosis could be a significant new development in the management of type 2 diabetes, because this approach might actually reverse the disease to a degree rather than just palliate glycemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.