ArticleInfection and immunity2003
Oral delivery of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in a lipid formulation induces resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis in mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune responses of cattle vaccinated by various routes with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Evaluation of alternative vaccination routes against paratuberculosis in goats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
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- Bridging the gaps to overcome major hurdles in the development of next-generation tuberculosis vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Prime Vaccination with Chitosan-Coated Phipps BCG and Boosting with CFP-PLGA against Tuberculosis in a Goat Model.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
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- Article
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- Applications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin and recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guerin in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy.Expert review of vaccines · 2015Review
- Assessment of an oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine and an inactivated M. bovis preparation for wild boar in terms of adverse reactions, vaccine strain survival, and uptake by nontarget species.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Influence of vehicles used for oral dosing of test molecules on the progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- Mycobacterium bovis: A Model Pathogen at the Interface of Livestock, Wildlife, and Humans.Veterinary medicine international · 2012Article
- Lymphatic pump treatment mobilizes leukocytes from the gut associated lymphoid tissue into lymph.Lymphatic research and biology · 2010Article
- An oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine for wildlife produced in the absence of animal-derived reagents.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
- Oral vaccination reduces the incidence of tuberculosis in free-living brushtail possums.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2009Article
- Oral vaccination of guinea pigs with a Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine in a lipid matrix protects against aerosol infection with virulent M. bovis.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Mice fed lipid-encapsulated Mycobacterium bovis BCG are protected against aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A lipid-based formulation has been developed for oral delivery of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. The formulated M. bovis BCG was fed to BALB/c mice to test for immune responses and protection against M. bovis infection. The immune responses included antigen-specific cytokine responses, spleen cell proliferation, and lymphocyte-mediated macrophage inhibition of M. bovis. Oral delivery of formulated M. bovis BCG to mice induced strong splenic gamma interferon levels and macrophage inhibition of virulent M. bovis compared with results with nonformulated M. bovis BCG. Formulated oral M. bovis BCG significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the spleen and lungs of mice following aerosol challenge with virulent M. bovis. Our data suggest that oral delivery of formulated M. bovis BCG is an effective means of inducing protective immune responses against tuberculosis. Lipid-based, orally delivered mycobacterial vaccines may be a safe and practical method of controlling tuberculosis in humans and animals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.