ArticleThe EMBO journal2002
Physiological calcium concentrations regulate calmodulin binding and catalysis of adenylyl cyclase exotoxins.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bacterial YopJ-family acetyltransferase suppresses host immune response by Nε-acetylation of JAK1.Nature communications · 2026Article
- ATP depletion in anthrax edema toxin pathogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Functional and structural insights into the multi-step activation and catalytic mechanism of bacterial ExoY nucleotidyl cyclase toxins bound to actin-profilin.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- A Robust and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Assay for the Enzymatic Activity of Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Toxins.Toxins · 2022Article
- CRZ1 transcription factor is involved in cell survival, stress tolerance, and virulence in fungi.Journal of biosciences · 2022Review
- A Free-Energy Landscape Analysis of Calmodulin Obtained from an NMR Data-Utilized Multi-Scale Divide-and-Conquer Molecular Dynamics Simulation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Calmodulin as CaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- AnalyzingFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Review
- Physical exertion exacerbates decline in the musculature of an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Revealing how an adenylate cyclase toxin uses bait and switch tactics in its activation.PLoS biology · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
- Phosphoproteomics of cAMP signaling of Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin in mouse dendritic cells.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Review
- Molecular Modeling of the Catalytic Domain of CyaA Deepened the Knowledge of Its Functional Dynamics.Toxins · 2017Review
- Interaction with adenylate cyclase toxin fromFEBS open bio · 2017Article
- The Ins and Outs of Anthrax Toxin.Toxins · 2016Review
- Different Roles of N-Terminal and C-Terminal Domains in Calmodulin for Activation of Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor.Toxins · 2015Article
- Effects of 39 Compounds on Calmodulin-Regulated Adenylyl Cyclases AC1 and Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Edema factor (EF) and CyaA are calmodulin (CaM)-activated adenylyl cyclase exotoxins involved in the pathogenesis of anthrax and whooping cough, respectively. Using spectroscopic, enzyme kinetic and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy analyses, we show that low Ca(2+) concentrations increase the affinity of CaM for EF and CyaA causing their activation, but higher Ca(2+) concentrations directly inhibit catalysis. Both events occur in a physiologically relevant range of Ca(2+) concentrations. Despite the similarity in Ca(2+) sensitivity, EF and CyaA have substantial differences in CaM binding and activation. CyaA has 100-fold higher affinity for CaM than EF. CaM has N- and C-terminal globular domains, each binding two Ca(2+) ions. CyaA can be fully activated by CaM mutants with one defective C-terminal Ca(2+)-binding site or by either terminal domain of CaM while EF cannot. EF consists of a catalytic core and a helical domain, and both are required for CaM activation of EF. Mutations that decrease the interaction of the helical domain with the catalytic core create an enzyme with higher sensitivity to Ca(2+)-CaM activation. However, CyaA is fully activated by CaM without the domain corresponding to the helical domain of EF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.