ReviewGene2002
Pushing the limits of the scanning mechanism for initiation of translation.
Review in Gene, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 440 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
440 citing papers in PubMed, 933 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dark matter matters: from noncoding RNA regulation to cancer immunity.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Site-specific inhibition of translation initiation via 2'-O-methylation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Identification of 5' untranslated region variants in genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders.Journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- A pathogen-induced translational shift enhances plant disease resistance without obvious fitness costs.aBIOTECH · 2026Article
- Enhancement of Therapeutic mRNA Translation in Cellular Stress Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- CRISPR-Cas9-mediated uATG introduction in the 5'UTR of the Uox gene for hyperuricemia mouse models: implications for gout and metabolic disorders.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- 5' UTR length shapes alternative N-terminal protein isoforms across cancers and in rare disease.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- The nuclear cap-binding complex safeguards stress-resistant protein synthesis and proliferation of stem cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Genome-wide ribosome profiling reveals a dynamic translational landscape in Arabidopsis seedling roots under simulated microgravity.Communications biology · 2026Article
- A nuclear isoform of hydroxyacyl-COA dehydrogenase inhibits tumor progression in colorectal cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- 5' UTR length regulates alternative N-terminal protein isoform production in health and disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Introducing the EpGEpigenomes · 2025Article
- AUGcontext DB: a comprehensive catalog of the mRNA AUG initiator codon context across eukaryotes.RNA biology · 2025Review
- Alternative start codon selection shapes mitochondrial function and rare human diseases.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- The organization principles of P. falciparum translation initiation features and their potential as drug targets.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Article
- NetStart 2.0: prediction of eukaryotic translation initiation sites using a protein language model.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- CTG-Initiated Cryptic Peptide Translation Up- and Downstream of a Canonical ATG Start Codon Is Enhanced by TLR Stimulation and Induces Tumor Regression in Mice.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Parvovirus RNA Processing: Compact Genomic Organization and Unique Alternative mRNA Processing Mechanisms.Viruses · 2025Review
380 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Selection of the translational initiation site in most eukaryotic mRNAs appears to occur via a scanning mechanism which predicts that proximity to the 5' end plays a dominant role in identifying the start codon. This "position effect" is seen in cases where a mutation creates an AUG codon upstream from the normal start site and translation shifts to the upstream site. The position effect is evident also in cases where a silent internal AUG codon is activated upon being relocated closer to the 5' end. Two mechanisms for escaping the first-AUG rule--reinitiation and context-dependent leaky scanning--enable downstream AUG codons to be accessed in some mRNAs. Although these mechanisms are not new, many new examples of their use have emerged. Via these escape pathways, the scanning mechanism operates even in extreme cases, such as a plant virus mRNA in which translation initiates from three start sites over a distance of 900 nt. This depends on careful structural arrangements, however, which are rarely present in cellular mRNAs. Understanding the rules for initiation of translation enables understanding of human diseases in which the expression of a critical gene is reduced by mutations that add upstream AUG codons or change the context around the AUG(START) codon. The opposite problem occurs in the case of hereditary thrombocythemia: translational efficiency is increased by mutations that remove or restructure a small upstream open reading frame in thrombopoietin mRNA, and the resulting overproduction of the cytokine causes the disease. This and other examples support the idea that 5' leader sequences are sometimes structured deliberately in a way that constrains scanning in order to prevent harmful overproduction of potent regulatory proteins. The accumulated evidence reveals how the scanning mechanism dictates the pattern of transcription--forcing production of monocistronic mRNAs--and the pattern of translation of eukaryotic cellular and viral genes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.