ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2002
Application of Framingham risk estimates to ethnic minorities in United Kingdom and implications for primary prevention of heart disease in general practice: cross sectional population based study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 47 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Guideline
- Cardiovascular risk models for South Asian populations: a systematic review.International journal of public health · 2016Pooled it
- Systematic review: antihypertensive drug therapy in patients of African and South Asian ethnicity.Internal and emergency medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Panethnic Differences in Blood Pressure in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Guideline
- Validity of cardiovascular risk prediction models in kidney transplant recipients.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2014Pooled it
- Exclusion and inclusion of nonwhite ethnic minority groups in 72 North American and European cardiovascular cohort studies.PLoS medicine · 2006Pooled it
- Prevention of cardiovascular diseases: focus on modifiable cardiovascular risk.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2006Trial
- Diversity and Representation in Cardiovascular Research: Evidence Gaps, Emerging Models, and Policy Implications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Racial and regional disparities in the risk of noncommunicable disease between sub-Saharan black and European white patients.Journal of hypertension · 2025Article
- Digital health RCT interventions for cardiovascular disease risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Health and technology · 2022Review
- Estimating the burden of cardiovascular risk in community dwellers over 40 years old in South Africa, Kenya, Burkina Faso and Ghana.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Article
- Genetic and Non-genetic Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians.Current diabetes reviews · 2021Review
- A comparison of cardiovascular risk scores in native and migrant South Asian populations.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Cardiovascular risk prediction in India: Comparison of the original and recalibrated Framingham prognostic models in urban populations.Wellcome open research · 2019Article
- South Asian Cardiovascular Disease & Cancer Risk: Genetics & Pathophysiology.Journal of community health · 2018Review
- Risk Factors and Prediction of Stroke in a Population with High Prevalence of Diabetes: The Strong Heart Study.World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases · 2017Article
- Premature Cardiac Aging in South Asian Compared to Afro-Caribbean Subjects in a Community-Based Screening Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the 10 year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and combined cardiovascular disease (CVD) estimated from the Framingham equations.
designPopulation based cross sectional survey.
settingNine general practices in south London. POPULATION: 1386 men and women, age 40-59 years, with no history of CVD (475 white people, 447 south Asian people, and 464 people of African origin), and a subgroup of 1069 without known diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, peripheral vascular disease, renal impairment, or target organ damage.
main outcome measures10 year risk estimates.
resultsPeople of African origin had the lowest 10 year risk estimate of CHD adjusted for age and sex (7.0%, 95% confidence interval 6.5 to 7.5) compared with white people (8.8%, 8.2 to 9.5) and south Asians (9.2%, 8.6 to 9.9) and the highest estimated risk of stroke (1.7% (1.5 to 1.9), 1.4% (1.3 to 1.6), 1.6% (1.5 to 1.8), respectively). The estimate risk of combined CVD, however, was highest in south Asians (12.5%, 11.6 to 13.4) compared with white people (11.9%, 11.0 to 12.7) and people of African origin (10.5%, 9.7 to 11.2). In the subgroup of 1069, the probability that a risk of CHD >/=15% would identify risk of combined CVD >/=20% was 91% in white people and 81% in both south Asians and people of African origin. The use of thresholds for risk of CHD of 12% in south Asians and 10% in people of African origin would increase the probability of identifying those at risk to 100% and 97%, respectively.
conclusionPrimary care doctors should use a lower threshold of CHD risk when treating mild uncomplicated hypertension in people of African or south Asian origin.
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