Evidence map›Paper›PMID 12455985›Full record

ArticleEukaryotic cell2002

Pheromones stimulate mating and differentiation via paracrine and autocrine signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Wei-Chiang Shen, Robert C Davidson, Gary M Cox, Joseph Heitman

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2002. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Tracing the evolution and genomic dynamics of mating-type loci inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Life Cycle ofAnnual review of microbiology · 2019
    Review
  13. Article
  14. The Farnesyltransferase β-Subunit Ram1 RegulatesFrontiers in microbiology · 2019
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Wei-Chiang ShenDepartment of Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Robert C Davidson
Gary M Cox
Joseph Heitman
Duke Medical Center · US

Funding

ROLE OF CALCINEURIN IN C. NEOFORMANS MATING AND FRUITINGR01AI039115 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 1997 to 2025
$6.7M
Genetics of Cryptococcus sexual reproductionR37AI039115 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 2011 to 2020
$4.9M
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS REGULATING VIRULENCEP01AI044975 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI PERFECT, JOHN R. · 1999 to 2003
$3.4M
Role of Calcineurin in Fungal VirulenceR01AI042159 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 1998 to 2009
$2.5M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI044975NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI44975NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI039115NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI042159NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI39115NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI42159NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI039115
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus with a defined sexual cycle involving haploid MATalpha and MATa cells. Interestingly, MATalpha strains are more common, are more virulent than congenic MATa strains, and undergo haploid fruiting in response to nitrogen limitation or MATa cells. Three genes encoding the MFalpha pheromone were identified in the MATalpha mating-type locus and shown to be transcriptionally induced by limiting nutrients and coculture with MATa cells. The MFalpha1, MFalpha2, and MFalpha3 genes were mutated, individually and in combination. MATalpha strains lacking MFalpha pheromone failed to induce morphological changes in MATa cells. Pheromoneless MATalpha mutants were fusion and mating impaired but not sterile and mated at approximately 1% the wild-type level. The pheromoneless MATalpha mutants were also partially defective in haploid fruiting, and overexpression of MFalpha pheromone enhanced haploid fruiting. Overexpression of MFa pheromone also enhanced haploid fruiting of MATalpha cells and stimulated conjugation tube formation in MATa cells. A conserved G-protein activated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was found to be required for both induction and response to mating pheromones. The MFalpha pheromone was not essential for virulence of C. neoformans but does contribute to the overall virulence composite. These studies define paracrine and autocrine pheromone response pathways that signal mating and differentiation of this pathogenic fungus.

Indexed as

Autocrine CommunicationBase SequenceCell DifferentiationConjugation, GeneticCryptococcus neoformansDNA, FungalGene ExpressionGenes, FungalGenes, Mating Type, FungalHaploidyMutationParacrine CommunicationPheromonesVirulenceDNA, FungalPheromones

Identifiers

PMID12455985
PMCPMC118021
OpenAlexW2136458221

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.